第5章　代　词 5.4　指示代词

5.4　指示代词

5.4.1　指示代词的基本用法

指示代词有下面四个：

在句中可用作：

1) 主语：

Charles, this is my wife, Claudia. 查尔斯，这是我妻子克罗狄亚。

These are our children, David and Vicky. 这是我们的孩子大卫和维琪。

This can all wait. 这一切都可以等一等。

Is this your first visit to Paris? 这是你第一次到巴黎吗？

Are these what you want? 这些是你要的吗？

That isn't what I meant at all. 这完全不是我的意思。

Who's that in the garden？——That's my younger brother. 花园里那人是谁？——是我弟弟。

What are those? 那些是什么？

That was twenty years ago. 那是二十年前的事了。

△常可用that代表刚说的事，这时常可译作“这”：

That's where the shoe pinches. 这正是症结所在。

That's why I object to the idea. 这就是我反对这个想法的原因。

That's how the matter stands at present. 这就是目前的情况。

Thank you. That will do. 谢谢你，这样就行了。

△电话里this和that可指人：

Who is this? 你是哪位？

Was that Nancy on the phone? 是南希打电话来吗？

This is Mary. 我是玛丽呀。

2) 宾语或介词宾语：

Dad gave me this. 这是我爸给我的。

What do you think of this? 你觉得这个怎样？

Take these to your mother. 把这些带给你母亲。

I want you to promise that. 我希望你答应这一点。

I have no doubt about that. 我对此没有怀疑。

What? Have you finished all those I gave you? 什么？你把我给你的全吃完了？

3) 偶尔用作表语：

What I want to stress is this. 我想强调的是这一点。

The winning numbers are these. 获奖号码是这些。

5.4.2　指示形容词的基本用法

1) 当this，that等词用作定语时，有人称为指示形容词（Demonstrative Adjectives），也有人称为限定词，它们主要用作定语：

This house is (These rooms are) for rent. 这所（些）房子（房间）供出租。

This time last year we were in Japan. 去年这时我们在日本。

These two problems are hard. 这两个问题很难。

He went to college that autumn. 那年秋天他上了大学。

I put my odds and ends into that drawer. 我把杂七杂八的东西都放进了那个抽屉里。

If those clouds drift away, we'll have a fine afternoon. 如果那些云彩飘走，下午天就会好了。

2) 还可和of短语连用，表示一定的感情色彩（厌烦、不满、赞叹等）：

I hate that old bike of yours. 我讨厌你的那辆破自行车。

I really like those paintings of your sister's. 我的确很喜欢你姐姐的那些画。

This daughter of yours is doing fine work at school. 你的这个女儿在学校功课很好。

I like these poems of Jane's. 我喜欢简的这些诗。

3) this可以和某些名词连用，表示“今天”、“今年”等：

Are you going out this evening? 你今天晚上要出去吗？

She gave me a long distance call this morning. 今天早上她给我打了一个长途电话。

How many classes did you go to this afternoon? 今天下午你上了几节课？

They are going to college this autumn. 他们今年秋天上大学。

He won't go home this year. 他今年不回家。

还可用在this day week这类短语中：

She will be back this day week. 她将在一星期后回来。

We've arranged to meet this day week. 我们安排好一周后见面。

I saw her this day week. 我是一星期前见到她的。

these days表示“近来”、“现今”：

He was feeling optimistic these days. 近来他感到很乐观。

She seldom comes to see me these days. 现今她很少来看我。

5.4.3　that和those的特别用法

1) that可代表前面提到的名词以避免重复：

The wheat crop in 1999 was inferior to that of 1995. 1999年的小麦收成比1995年差。

The oil output last year was much higher than that of 1990. 去年的石油产量比1990年高得多。

Life today is much better than that in the old days. 现在的生活比过去好多了。

His description did not answer to that of the thief. 小偷的模样和他所描述的不相符。

2) those可代表前面提到的复数名词：

His stories are more interesting than those I told. 他的故事比我讲的有趣。

My questions are similar to those you raised. 我的问题和你提的差不多。

Our performances, of course, can't compare with those of professionals.我们的演出当然不能和职业演员的相比。

3) that还可用在某些成语中，如：

a. like that 这样：

Don't hold it like that—you'll break it. 不要这样拿，你会把它弄破的。

Do they always dance like that in France? 他们在法国都这样跳舞吗？

b. that is (to say) 这就是说：

He's a local administrator, that is to say, a civil servant. 他是本地一名行政人员，也就是说，一名公务员。

I'm on holiday next week. That is to say, from Tuesday. 我下星期休假，确切地说，从星期二开始。

The household was as happy as could be. All, that is, except Fiorella. 全家都非常高兴，只有菲奥列拉除外。

c. that's all 只是，就这些：

How are you feeling? "Fine, a bit tired, that's all." “你感觉怎样？”“挺好，只是稍有点累。”

Just don't do it again, that's all. 只是以后别再这样做了，就这些。

d. that's (about) it 说对了：

That's it. You've described exactly what I felt about the film. 说对了，你正好说出了我对这部电影的感受。

You have no confidence? "That's about it. I'm no good." “你没有信心?”“你说对了，我不行。”

e. that's that 情况就是这样：

He's gone and that's that. 他走了，情况就是这样。

Well, that's that. No more work until Monday. 情况就是这样，到星期一才有工作。

f. What's that? 你说什么？

What's that? He refuses to come? 你说什么？他不肯来？

What? What's that you say? 什么？你说什么？