第15章　副　词 15.3　副词的比较级和最高级

15.3　副词的比较级和最高级

15.3.1　副词的比较级和最高级形式

1) 副词和形容词一样，也有比较级和最高级形式。但单音节词和少数双音节词可以加词尾的方法构成比较级和最高级（a），双音节词和多音节词大多以加more和most的方法构成比较级和最高级（b）：

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副词的比较级和最高级也有不规则的形式：

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15.3.2　副词比较级的用法

1) 单独使用：

Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。

I had seen the film only a few days earlier. 我是几天前才看的这部电影。

He'll come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。

Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。

I determined not to travel farther that night. 我决定那天晚上不再往前走了。

Let's talk more another time. 改天我们再多聊聊。

Can't you stay longer? 你不能再多呆一会吗？

She did not argue further about it. 她没进一步争论此事。

He should speak less and listen more. 他应当少说多听。

She was determined to work harder in future. 她决心以后更用功一些。

2) 和than一起使用：

He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。

He works less than he used to. 他工作的时间比过去少了。

Can you do (any) better than that? 你能不能干得好一些？

We went farther than we meant to. 我们比原来打算的走得更远了些。

He behaved even worse than he did before. 他的表现比过去还差。

Gray loathed him more than ever. 格雷比过去更讨厌他了。

He arrived earlier than usual. 他到得比平时早。

I go there more frequently than she does. 我去那里比她勤。

Perhaps they like you better than me. 或许他们喜欢你胜过喜欢我。

He studied the subject further than I do. 这问题他研究得比我深入。

3) 比较级前有时可有状语修饰：

You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。

He walked no further. 他没再往前走。

She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer. 她能比舞蹈演员跳得还美。

Helen came late, but her sister came still later. 海伦来晚了，而她妹妹来得更晚。

They walked three miles farther (on). 他们往前又走了三英里。

China is a little further south than the U.S. 中国比美国稍微靠南一点。

We reached the destination two days earlier than the others. 我们比别人早两天到达目的地。

She works a lot harder than before. 她工作比过去努力多了。

You speak English far more fluently than the others. 你讲英语比其他人流利得多。

Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快一点来吗？

15.3.3　as...as和not so...as结构

这两个结构也可结合副词使用：

1) as...as可用在肯定句中，表示“像…一？”，后面的副词要用原级：

She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑得像鹿一样快。

They work as hard as you do. 他们工作像你一样努力。

You can stay there as long as you want. 在那儿你爱待多久都行。

I hate him as much as you do. 我像你一样恨他。

You know all this as well as I do. 这一切你和我一样了解。

I'll be round as quick as I can. 我将尽快过来。

She sings as sweetly as a nightingale. 她唱歌像夜莺一样甜美。

She loved me as much as her own child. 她待我像亲生孩子。

2) 在否定句中，as...as和so...as都可以用：

I don't go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不像过去那么多了。

I didn't do as (so) well as I should. 我做得不如我应做的那么好。

I don't think he can speak English as well as an Englishman. 我认为他英文讲得没有英国人好。

I can't jump so (as) high as Bill. 我跳高不如比尔。

I don't like it so (as) well as your other works. 我喜欢它不及你的其他作品。

He doesn't snore so (as) loudly as you do. 他打呼噜没你厉害。

3) 这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语：

I don't speak half as (so) well as you. 我讲得不及你一半好。

She can read twice as fast as he does. 她的阅读速度比他快一倍。

The substance reacts three times as fast as the other one. 这种物质的反应速度是另一种物质的三倍。

15.3.4　副词最高级的用法

副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the：

I shall give a prize to the pupil who reads best. 我将给朗读最好的学生发一份奖品。

He laughs best who laughs last. （谚）谁笑在最后谁笑得最好。

Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱得最差。

Of these sports, I like rowing most. 这些运动中我最喜欢划船。

Of all your CDs, I like that one least. 你所有的激光唱盘中，我最不喜欢那一张。

He went (the) farthest of the explorers. 这些探险家中他走得最远。

He likes painting best of all. 他最喜欢绘画。

Who arrived (the) earliest of all? 谁到得最早？

During the famine, the poor people suffered (the) worst. 在饥荒期间，穷人受苦最深。

The burden fell most heavily on these people. 这些人的负担最沉重。

She behaved most generously. 她表现得最大方。

15.3.5　副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法

副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中：

1) more and more 越来越…：

It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。

Indeed, she liked him more and more. 的确她越来越喜欢他了。

Now we see it more and more clearly. 现在我们对这看得越来越清楚了。

He played the piano better and better. 他钢琴弹得越来越好了。

She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。

Easter is drawing nearer and nearer. 复活节越来越近了。

2) the more...the more 越…，越…：

The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成得就越多。

The more I thought, the more extraordinary did it appear. 我越想，这事就越显得离奇。

The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我对他了解越深就越喜欢他。

The more we are together, the merrier we will be. 我们越多在一起就越高兴。

3) had better最好：

We'd better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。

What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？

I think I'd better be going. 我想我最好还是走。

(Had) better not wait for them. 最好别等他们了。

4) know better than (to) do something懂得不宜做某事：

You ought to know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day. 你应当懂得这样冷的天不穿大衣出去可不行。

You ought to know better than stay away from school. 你该知道不应当逃学。

He knew better than to mention this to her. 他知道不宜向她提及此事。

5) think better (of)改变主意，决定不这样做：

He was going to leave school, but later he thought better of it. 他打算退学，但后来改变了主意。

He used to be a radical and has thought better of it. 他以前是个激进分子，后来改变了看法。

He was going to answer me back, but he thought better of it. 他本想和我顶嘴的，但没有这样做。

6) had best最好：

I had best fax them our plans. 我最好把我们的计划传真给他们。

I had best have your opinions first. 我最好先听听你的意见。

We had best get home before midnight. 我们最好午夜以前到家。