第19章　主　语 19.4　there引导的句子

19.4　there引导的句子

19.4.1　there引导的句子

1) there引导的是一种特殊的句子，here放在句首好似主语，但真正的主语在后面，表示“有？”：

There is a rainbow in the sky. 天上有一道彩虹。

这里的there不同于一般的副词there，它读作/ðə/，而平常的副词则读作/ðeə/。

there常和后面的动词be或助动词构成紧缩形式，仿佛它是主语似的：

There's no problem. 没问题。

There's a car coming. 有一辆车开过来了。

There's been a gentleman here asking to see you. 这儿有位先生要见你。

Sooner or later there'll be a big row. 迟早会大吵一场。

在构成问句时，there也起主语的作用，但真正的主语在后面：

Are there many parks in the city? 城里公园多吗？

Is there a car-park nearby? 附近有停车场吗？

How many new words are there in the text? 这篇课文有多少生词？

2) 通常动词和主语保持一致：

There's a television in the sitting-room. 客厅里有一台电视机。

There're six chairs round the table. 桌子周围有六把椅子。

There're a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有许多天鹅。

如果有两个或更多主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：

There was a sofa and two armchairs. 有一张长沙发和两张小沙发。

There is a boy and two girls dancing on the meadow. 草坪上有一个男孩和两个女孩在跳舞。

有时也可和所有主语保持一致：

There were one or two chaps there. 那儿有一两个人。

In addition to her, there were Mr. and Mrs. Delby. 除了她，还有戴尔比夫妇。

19.4.2　there+动词be

1) there引导的句子大部分都以be作谓语动词，可用于各种时态：

Where there's a will, there is a way.（谚）有志者事竟成。

There was little change in him. 他没有什么变化。

There has been no rain today. 今天没下雨。

There'll be a concert in the park tonight. 今晚公园里有一场音乐会。

可有各种灵活的译法，表示发生某事，这时不宜译作“？”：

There was thunder in the air. 天上在打雷。

Then there would be a plebiscite. 然后将举行公民投票。

I hope there will be a change in the weather. 我希望天气能变一变。

There was no wind that night. 那天夜里没刮风。

2) 在主语后面有时有修饰语：

There're ten people coming to dinner. 有十个人来吃晚饭。

There're a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。

There were many things to be done. 有许多事情需要做。

What was there to be afraid of ? 有什么可害怕的？

There are dozens of reasons why I must leave. 我有种种必须离职的理由。

3) there可和to be或being一道用：

You wouldn't want there to be another world war. 你不会希望再发生一次世界大战吧。

Is it possible for there to be any more trouble? 还可能有更多的麻烦吗？

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你希望开一次会来讨论这个问题吗？

I expect there to be no argument about this. 我预计对这一点不会有争议。

I shall prefer there to be no discussion of such things. 我倒愿意大家别谈这些事。

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 由于没别的事要做，我们就回家了。

19.4.3　there+复合谓语

1) there后面可跟由情态动词和be构成的复合谓语：

There may be another demonstration tonight. 今晚可能又有一次示威游行。

There must be something wrong with it. 里面准有问题。

There could be no doubt that he was the best novelist alive. 毫无疑问，他是在世的最优秀的小说家。

There might still be hope. 可能还有希望。

There ought to be a comma here. 这儿应当有一个逗号。

There shouldn't be any doubt about it. 对此不应有什么怀疑。

2) 谓语也可能是由不定式构成的复合谓语：

Is there going to be any activity tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？

There used to be a cinema here. 过去这儿有一家电影院。

There's sure to be a restaurant around. 附近一定有餐馆。

There are bound to be controversial questions. 准会有些有争议的问题。

There seems to be something the matter with her. 她似乎有些问题。

There appeared to be a war between his heart and his mind. 他的情感和理智之间似乎有一场斗争。

19.4.4　there+不及物动词

1) there后面有时可跟别的动词（通常为不及物动词）：

Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. 很久以前，岛上住着一位渔夫。

There followed a flood of indignation in the newspapers. 随后报纸发出一片愤怒的声音。

There came a knock at the door. 有人敲门。

In 1859，there came about a war between the two countries. 1859年两国间发生了一场战争。

There remained just fifty dollars. 只剩五十美元了。

Hence there has arisen the agrarian question. 因此产生了土地问题。

2) 有时状语放在前头（a）或插在主语和谓语之间（b）：

a． At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 山顶上有一座古庙。

In recent years, there has been produced more food than the country needs. 最近几年生产的粮食超过了国家的需要。

In the distance there was heard again the lowing of the cattle. 远处又传来牛叫声。

b． One night there flew over the city a little swallow. 有天夜里，一只小燕子从城市上空掠过。

There sprang from the audience a cry of indignation. 听众中突然发出一阵愤怒的吼声。