第20章　谓　语 20.2　复合谓语

20.2　复合谓语

20.2.1　第一类复合谓语

1) 这类复合谓语都由两部分构成。有些由“情态动词+动词原？”构成：

Can you explain this sentence? 你能解释这个句子吗？

She may be bringing some friends home. 她可能会带几个朋友来家。

I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我可能得出了一个错误的结论。

He must have arrived by air. 他准是坐飞机来的。

Of course she mustn't leave us. 当然她不能离开我们。

We should have confidence in each other. 我们应当对彼此有信心。

You needn't have mentioned it. 你本来不必提到此事的。

No one dared speak of it. 没人敢谈及这事。

2) 另一些则由不定式和另外的词构成：

I oughtn't to go on living this way. 我不应当继续这样生活下去。

We used to swim every day when young. 我们小时候天天都游泳。

She isn't going to make any concessions. 她不准备作任何让步。

First I'd have to get my father's consent. 首先我得征求我父亲的同意。

We have got to be careful in such matters. 这种事我们都得小心。

Vesta happened to be playing in one corner of the room. 维斯塔恰好在房间的一角玩耍。

I seemed to have caught a cold. 我似乎感冒了。

He is said to have translated many books into English. 据说他把许多书译成了英文。

They are not likely to succeed. 他们成功的希望不大。

3) 许多带复合宾语的句子改为被动结构后，里面都可说包含了一个复合谓语：

They were made to work long hours. 他们被迫长时间工作。

He was forced to make concessions. 他被迫作出让步。

We're expected to fulfil the task ahead of time. 他们期待我们提前完成任务。

She was often heard to sing that song. 人们常听见她唱这支歌。

He was seen to go out with her. 有人看见他和她一道出去了。

He was found lying on the floor. 有人发现他躺在地上。

She was been kept waiting for two hours. 有人让她等了两个小时。

He was known to have taken money from the Germans. 据传他拿过德国人的钱。

20.2.2　第二类复合谓语

1) 第二类复合谓语主要由“系动词+表？”构成：

The prospects looked excellent. 前景看来极好。

It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。

I'm keeping in very good health. 我身体一直很好。

Roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花有香味。

She is growing restless. 她变得忐忑不安起来。

He remained standing for nearly an hour. 他差不多站了一个钟头。

She seemed embarrassed. 她显得很尴尬的样子。

He appeared perplexed. 他显得困惑不解。

His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 他的头发几星期内就变灰白了。

The prediction came true. 这个预言应验了。

Please stay seated. 请不要站起来。

He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很烦恼痛苦。

关于这类句子可参阅第13.5.1—13.5.7节。

2) 有些动词（如wear，flush，lie等不及物动词）有时也可跟一个表语，与它构成复合谓语：

He flushed crimson with anger. 他气得满脸通红。

The carpet is wearing thin. 地毯磨得很薄了。

He blushed crimson with embarrassment when she kissed him. 她吻他时他窘得满脸通红。

The snow lay thick on the ground. 地上铺着厚厚一层雪。

One of the tigers broke loose (free). 有一头老虎跑出来了。

His promises rang false to me. 他的诺言在我听来很虚假。

有时一个不及物动词后跟着一个形容词或名词，说明主语的状态，作用接近于表语，这类结构也可说是一种复合谓语：

She sat silent in the corner. 她静静地坐在角落里。

The day dawned misty and overcast. 这天天亮时雾气很重，乌云密布。

They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时是最要好的朋友。

He died a rich man (a millionaire). 他死时成了富翁（百万富翁）。

有些语法家把这种结构称为双重谓语（Double Predicate），意思是它们把两个谓语揉和在一起，成为一个谓语。

3) 另外，某些带形容词或名词的复合宾语，在变为被动结构时，也可形成复合谓语：

The walls were painted light green. 墙被漆成了淡绿色。

She was found injured at the foot of a cliff. 她被发现受了伤躺在一座山崖下。

None of these actions are considered likely. 这些行动被认为采取的可能性不大。

He might be called a truthful boy. 他或许称得上是一个诚实的孩子。

He was thought to be a spy. 他被认为是一名间谍。

He was made president of the society. 他被任命为该协会主席。