第20章　谓　语 20.4　主语和谓语的一致

20.4　主语和谓语的一致

20.4.1　主语和谓语应在数上一致

1) 主语和谓语必须在数上一致，即复数主语须用复数谓语，单数主语须用单数谓语，不受修饰语的影响：

The results of the research are to be published soon. 研究成果不久将发表。

The theory advanced by these scientists is quite convincing. 这些科学家提出的理论相当有说服力。

What are his views on this subject? 他对这问题持什么观点？

The suggestion put forward by the girls has been accepted. 姑娘们提的建议被接受了。

2) 如果主语是一个抽象概念，一般都用单数谓语：

Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. 吸烟危害健康。

Training astronauts is not an easy task. 训练宇航员不是一件容易的工作。

That she should oppose these ideas is quite natural. 她反对这些意见是很自然的。

Senior citizens means people over sixty.“年长公？”指六十岁以上的人。

3) 当主语是and连接的两个名词时，在指一样东西时用单数谓语，若指两样东西，则需用复数谓语：

Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy. 钢铁工业在国民经济中起着重要作用。

The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.食品工业和纺织工业主要依靠农业提供原料。

To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败也比不尝试好。

To mean to do something and to actually do it are two different things. 打算做某事和真正去做完全是两回事。

4) 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with，together with，as well as，except这类词引导的短语，谓语仍用单数形式，因为这种短语多为修饰语：

An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in that city. 在那个城市正在修建一座钢铁厂和几家卫星工厂。

John, together with his wife, was at the party. 约翰和他的妻子参加了晚会。

Lily as well as Helen was in mourning. 莉莉和海伦都在带孝。

Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese. 除了蒂姆每人都能讲点汉语。

No one but myself knows anything about it. 除了我没有人知道此事。

20.4.2　某些代词作主语时的谓语

1) each和some，any，no，every构成的代词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：

Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个小伙子进来了，每人提着一个箱子。

Somebody wants to see you, sir. 有人要见你，先生。

Is there anything I can do for you? 我能帮你做什么吗？

There's really nothing to be said. 真的没什么话可说。

Everybody was glad to see her back. 看见她回来大家都很高兴。

2) both，some，many，few，all（of them）后的谓语多用复数形式：

Both (of them) are English. 两个都是英国人。

Many are for going by plane. 许多人都赞成坐飞机去。

Some (of them) are still out of work. （我们）有些人依然失业。

Few of my friends like Sheila. 我的朋友中没什么人喜欢希拉。

All present are against the idea. 所有在场的人都反对这个主意。

代表不可数东西的代词则跟单数谓语：

So all is going well. 因此一切都进展顺利。

Every little helps. （谚）点点滴滴都有用。

Some of the milk has gone sour. 有部分牛奶酸掉了。

3) 有些代词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，根据意思来决定：

在个别情况下用单复数谓语都可以：

Is (Are) there any left? 还剩一些（几个）吗？

Neither of the days is (are) suitable. 两个日子都不合适。

None of the telephones is (are) working. 没有一部电话是好的。

20.4.3　一些集体名词作主语的情况

1) 有些集体名词都指复数的人或动物，后面都用复数谓语；

The police are going to question him. 警察将审讯他。

The media are covering the presidential election thoroughly. 传媒在详细报导总统选举。

Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common. 牛群被允许到村子的公有草地上放牧。

Most bacteria grow best in slightly acid medium. 多数细菌在微酸性的介质中生长最好。

2) 有些集体名词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，视作整体时跟单数谓语，着重于所包含的成员时，则可跟复数谓语：

有些集体名词后面的谓语用单数或复数都可以：

The enemy is (are) retreating. 敌军正在后撤。

The school's teaching staff is (are) excellent. 这所学校教师素质很好。

The jury is (are) about to announce the winner. 裁判团即将宣布优胜者名单。

The data is (are) correct. 这些数据是正确的。

3) 有些集体名词通常跟单数谓语：

The Opposition was quick to reply to the charge. 反对党迅速对指控作出反应。

The entire community is behind the appeal. 整个社区都支持这项呼吁。

The local press there is full of lies. 那里的地方报刊充满谎言。

The play's cast was given a standing ovation. 剧组演员受到观众起立鼓掌。

20.4.4　某些名词作主语时的情况

1) 有些名词，随着意思的不同，有时跟单数谓语，有时跟复数谓语：

2) 有些单复同形的名词要根据意思决定谓语的形式：

3) 一些以-s结尾的单数名词，后面谓语也都作单数：

Phonetics is a required subject in our department. 语音学是我们系的一门必修课。

Billiards is becoming more and more popular. 打台球越来越流行。

Measles is a contagious disease. 麻疹是一种传染病。

A crossroad is a place where two roads meet and cross. 十字路口是两条路交叉的地方。

Mathematics is a subject studied nearly in every school. 数学是几乎每个学校都学的课程。

也有些以-s结尾的词后面可跟单数或复数谓语：

Mumps are (is) fairly rare in adults. 成年人患腮腺炎的相当少。

Mathematics is (are) well taught in our school. 我们学校数学教得很好。

Their headquarters are (is) in New York. 他们的总部在纽约。