高中语法专练：ii. 宾语从句

ii. 宾语从句

1. 动词后的宾语从句

1）that引导的宾语从句

常跟that从句的动词：admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice, order, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish等。

Jim suggested that we go to Huangshan Mountain during the summer.

吉姆建议我们应该夏季去黄山。

I remember that I have seen her somewhere in the past.

我记得过去在哪有个地方看见过她。

2）wh-, if引导的宾语从句

常跟wh-, if从句的动词有：advise, ask, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, inform, inquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder, discover等。

I don't know what she has bought for father's birthday.

我不知道她为父亲生日买了什么。

He wondered if the letter had been received.

他不知信是否已经收到。

3）“动词+间接宾语+宾语从句”

常使用此类结构的动词有：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn, assure等。

He has informed me when they are going to discuss the question.

他告知我了什么时候他们要讨论这个问题。

She promised me that she would give us more help later on.

她向我承诺她日后要给我们更多的帮助。

4）“动词+ it +形容词/名词/过去分词+ that从句”

常见的后跟it作形式宾语的动词：find, feel, think, believe, make, consider等。

I heard it said that she had gone abroad.

我听人说她出国了。

We think it necessary that we should learn English well.

我们认为我们学好英语是必要的。

He has made it a rule that we should come to school in time.

他规定我们应该按时到校。

5）it作形式宾语的特殊句型

常见的有：see to it that ...; hate it that ...; owe it to sb. that ...; take it for granted that ...; put it to sb. that ...; take it that ...; depend on it that ...; count on it that ....

Children take it for granted that parents provide them everything they need.

孩子们把父母提供给他们所需要的一切当作理所当然的事情。

We should owe it to our teachers that in class we learn what we can't get at home.

我们应该把课堂上学到在家里学不到的东西归功于我们的老师。

2. 形容词后的宾语从句

后常接宾语从句的形容词有：afraid, sure, anxious, aware, certain, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced, confident等。

I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.

恐怕我犯了错误。

We are not sure whether/if we can persuade him out of smoking.

我不敢肯定是否能说服他戒烟。

3. 介词后的宾语从句

1）that从句不作介词宾语，但是可以作介词in, but, except的宾语。

The article was perfect except that there were some spelling mistakes.

这篇文章很好只是有一些拼写错误。

He came late for school that morning in that he missed the early bus.

那天早上他上学迟到是在于他错过了早班车。

2）wh-从句常作介词宾语。

Whether we can succeed depends on how well we get prepared.

我们是否成功取决于我们准备得多么好。

He was not interested in what we would do next.

他对我们下一步做什么并不感兴趣。

4. 宾语从句要注意的问题

1）当主句是一般现在时或者一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的时态。

I have told you three times that I failed in the exam.

我已经告诉了你三次我这次考试失败了。

He often says that he used to get up late.

他经常说他过去常常起床很晚。

2）当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。

I was told that it would rain tomorrow.

我被告知明天有雨。

3）但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时，从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

4）当主句谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时，宾语从句谓语的否定要转移到主句中；但当从句有否定意义的never, seldom, hardly, scarcely等词时，否定可不转移。上述结构后接反义疑问句时，用肯定形式反问。

I don't think that he is stupid.

我认为他不傻。

I believe he has never been to America.

我相信他从来没有去过美国。

I can hardly imagine that he has lived on the lonely island alone for 40 years, has he?

我几乎无法想像他在孤岛上独自生活了40年，真有此事？

5）当主句中谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess等，同时，wh-连词引导表示疑问的宾语从句时，应将连词wh-置于主句前面，主句若是疑问语序，从句语序不变。例如：

When do you think he will come back?（√）

Do you think when he will come back?（×）

你认为他何时回来呢？

What do you think will happen to him next?

你认为他随后会发生什么事情？

Where do you suppose she will go for her holiday？

你认为她会去什么地方度假？

6）当主句动词是wish时，从句的时态要用虚拟语气；当主句的动词是suggest, demand, require等词时，从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。

I wish I could fly to the moon one day.

但愿有一天我能飞到月球上去！

How I wish I were you !

但愿我是你！

I wish he hadn't told me of you, but he hadn't meant to hurt you.

但愿他没有告诉我你的情况，不过他并没有伤害你的意思。

He suggested that we (should) hurry up.

他建议我们快一点儿。

7）if常可代替whether，但是当从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。

We should pay much attention to whether it will rain tonight.

我们应该关注今夜是否会下雨。

8）引导宾语从句的that常可省略，但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时，第二个从句的that不能省略。

I have been told (that) I was chosen to make a speech at the meeting and that I would have to get prepared for it.

我已经被告知我被选中在会议上发言而且必须准备一下。

I was told (that) he had been chosen monitor of our class and that he would take office next week.

我被告知他被选为班长而且下周上任。

专项练习

1. He was born in _______ is now known as Xiangyang.

A. that

B. what

C. where there

D. where

2. They were surprised that a child _______ the problems _______ they themselves couldn't.

A. would solve; once

B. worked out; them

C. should work out; while

D. would settle; but

3. _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that

D. That; what

4. When we arrived in _______ our apartment was supposed to be, all I could see was a school.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. which

5. Don't always _______ that parents will give children whatever they want.

A. take it for granted

B. take it as granted

C. take for granted

D. grant it

6. Evidence came up _______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.

A. what

B. whose

C. that

D. which

7. We all consider _______ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. this

8. I'm not sure _______.

A. what is the assignment of tomorrow

B. what will the assignment for tomorrow be

C. what will be the assignment of tomorrow

D. what the assignment for tomorrow is

9. Give the prize to _______ you think did the work well.

A. who

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. whatever

10. Could you tell me where _______?

A. is the nearest bus stop located

B. the nearest bus stop is located

C. is located the nearest bus stop

D. located is the nearest bus stop

11. —Did you go to watch the football match?

—No, but I wish I _______.

A. did

B. went

C. had

D. would

12. Thoroughly confused, he hesitated to report _______.

A. what did he see

B. what he had seen

C. what had he seen

D. what he was seen

13. I don't doubt _______ she will learn a lot during her stay in Paris.

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. what

14. Everything depends on _______ we have enough experience.

A. if

B. what

C. which

D. whether

15. He usually goes to work on his bike except _______ it rains.

A. that

B. what

C. when

D. whether

16. The boy has not changed at all except _______ he is no longer so talkative.

A. why

B. that

C. what

D. if

17. You can write about _______ topic you can think of.

A. however

B. wherever

C. whenever

D. whatever

18. The owner of the shop came to see what _______.

A. the matter was

B. the wrong was

C. was the matter

D. was the wrong

19. We don't care _______ they will not come tomorrow.

A. whether

B. if

C. when

D. that

20. We made _______ a rule that we read English in the morning.

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. which

21. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying-out.

A. that

B. as

C. why

D. when

22. Mr. Wang is to give us a report on _______ he saw and heard in Australia.

A. that

B. what

C. whether

D. which

23. I know nothing about the accident _______ I read in the newspaper.

A. except what

B. except that

C. except for

D. except

24. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _______.

A. who is he

B. who he is

C. who is it

D. who it is

25. The true value of life is not in _______ , but in _______.

A. how you get; that you give

B. which you get; what you give

C. what do you get; what do you give

D. what you get; what you give

26. When we arrived in _______ our apartment was supposed to be, all I could see was a school.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. which

27. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.

A. anyone

B. whomever

C. no matter who

D. whoever

28. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _______ I can to save them.

A. whatever

B. that

C. which

D. whichever

29. You can't imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were how excited

30. Eat _______ cake you like and leave the others for _______ comes late.

A. any; who

B. whichever; whoever

C. whatever; whom

D. every; who

31. His words don't agree with _______ the boss asks for, so we don't know what to do.

A. what

B. whom

C. which

D. when

32. It was _______ he said _______ disappointed me.

A. what; that

B. that; that

C. what; what

D. that; what

33. What has made America _______ it is today?

A. that

B. for

C. which

D. what

34. I hope that I _______ you at the party this weekend.

A. would see

B. should see

C. am to see

D. see

35. —I blamed Mary yesterday.

—I would rather you _______.

A. didn't do that

B. hadn't done that

C. wouldn't do that

D. shouldn't have done that

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