商学院教你从父母身上学不到的东西
1993年，当工程师亨克•威廉•范多普(Henk Willem van Dorp)就读奈尔洛德商学院(Nyenrode)的兼职高管MBA课程时，他的荷兰技术服务公司已成立8年时间，拥有65名员工。在他两年后完成学业时，该公司的员工数量达到了200名。
“It was a busy time and I learnt a lot,” he says. “When I was young I was looking for the best technical solutions. At Nyenrode I learnt how to take people more seriously. If I have the right man in the right place, the problem is solved.”
“那是一段忙碌的时期，我学到了很多，”他表示，“在我年轻时，我总是在寻找最佳的技术解决方案。在奈尔洛德商学院，我学会了如何更认真地待人。如果我在合适的地方拥有合适的人员，问题就会得到解决。”
Mr van Dorp’s enthusiasm has prompted two of his sons to study on a full-time MBA programme and a third is considering an executive MBA as part of the company succession plan.
范多普的热情促使他的两个儿子攻读全日制MBA课程，第三个儿子正考虑攻读高管MBA，作为公司接班计划的一部分。
Yet the family is unusual. In contrast to the van Dorps, many first-generation entrepreneurs eschew business school and believe their children do not need to go, either.
然而，这个家庭是不同寻常的。与范多普形成对比的是，很多第一代企业家不愿就读商学院，而且认为他们的子女也不需要去。
“This is a hard thing for the parents,” says Morten Bennedsen, professor of family enterprise at Insead, where 100 of the 1,000 MBA students a year are from family businesses. “Business schools can teach you things you can’t learn from your parents. They can teach you how to run a professional firm.”
“对于父母来说，这是一件很难的事情，”欧洲工商管理学院(Insead)家族企业教授莫滕•本内森(Morten Bennedsen)表示，“商学院能够教你从父母身上学不到的东西。它们能够教你如何管理一家专业机构。”在欧洲工商管理学院的1000名MBA学员中，有100人来自家族企业。
There are solid benefits to an MBA, says Denise Kenyon-Rouvinez, director of the Global Family Business Centre at IMD, Switzerland. These include credibility in the business world, the trust of company employees and an independent business network.
瑞士洛桑国际管理发展学院(IMD)全球家族企业中心(Global Family Business Centre)主任丹尼丝•凯尼恩-罗维内兹(Denise Kenyon-Rouvinez)表示，MBA学员会获得实质性的好处，包括商界的信誉、公司员工的信任以及一个独立的商界人脉。
More schools now offer family business courses, which is a recognition of the need for a rounded business education combined with the specific expertise that family-owned companies require. One example of how family concerns are different is the fact that they were particularly resilient in the 2008-09 financial crisis.
更多学校现在推出家族企业课程，承认全面商学教育与家族企业所需的特殊专长相结合的必要性。表明家族企业问题与众不同的一个例子是，在2008年至2009年金融危机期间它们的抗打击能力尤为强劲。
Columbia Business School in New York, launched a family business programme in 2016. “Business schools have come to realise that they have to educate more than just professional managers,” says programme co-director Patricia Angus.
纽约哥伦比亚商学院(Columbia Business School)在2016年推出了一项家族企业课程。该课程的联合负责人帕特里夏•安格斯(Patricia Angus)表示：“商学院开始意识到，它们的教育对象必须扩大到职业经理人范围以外。”
She argues that all MBAs should learn about family businesses. “We have a lot of students who are going into private equity and consulting who need to understand their clients and the deals they make,” says Prof Angus.
她主张，所有MBA学员都应学习有关家族企业的知识。安格斯教授表示：“我们有很多学生准备进入私人股本行业和咨询业，他们需要了解他们的客户以及他们要做的交易。”
There are 200 members of the family business club at Columbia, drawn from its annual intake of about 750 on its MBA programme and EMBA students.
哥伦比亚商学院的家族企业俱乐部有200名会员，来自每年招收的大约750名MBA课程和EMBA课程的学员。
At Babson College, Boston, the business school famed for its entrepreneurship teaching, half the undergraduates and half the MBA students are from family businesses, says Mathew Allen, faculty director for the Institute for Family Entrepreneurship. “It’s driven a good part by non-US students who are coming from family businesses to study in the US,” he says.
在以创业课程闻名的波士顿百森商学院(Babson College)，家族创业学院(Institute for Family Entrepreneurship)院长马修•艾伦(Mathew Allen)介绍说，本科生和MBA学员各有一半来自家族企业。他表示：“这在很大程度上由前来美国留学的海外家族企业的学生推动。”
In China, an overseas education can lead to a different type of succession problem.
在中国，海外留学可能带来一类不同的接班问题。
Children who have studied in the US or Europe often have contrasting views to their parents, says Kevin Au, director of the Center for Family Business at CUHK Business School in Hong Kong. “The communication is usually very different to begin with.”
香港中文大学商学院(CUHK Business School)家族企业中心(Center for Family Business)主任区玉辉(Kevin Au)表示，在美国或欧洲留学的子女经常有着与父母不同的观点。“首先，沟通通常就会很不一样。”
This is significant because many first-generation Chinese entrepreneurs are ready to retire, he says. “In Asia much of the wealth and resources are controlled by family businesses.”
他表示，这很重要，因为中国很多第一代企业家正准备退休。“在亚洲，很大一部分财富和资源由家族企业控制。”
For Prof Allen the MBA is not necessarily the answer for all family businesses, as their structures are complex: a management system, an ownership system and a family system, all of which interact. “Ninety per cent of an MBA concentrates on the first of these,” he says. “Family businesses need to look at all three.”
对于百森商学院的艾伦教授而言，MBA不一定适用于所有家族企业，因为它们结构复杂：一个管理体系、一个所有权体系，还有一个家族体系，所有这些体系都互相影响。“MBA课程90%的内容关注第一个，”他表示，“而家族企业需要3个都考虑。”
Many schools meet this need with executive short courses for family business clients and customised programmes for individual families. These help address some of the limitations of an MBA.
很多商学院满足了这种需求，它们为家族企业客户推出高管短期课程，甚至为单个家族推出定制课程。这些帮助克服了MBA课程的一些局限性。
One concern is that second and third-generation family business executives are often under extreme pressure, says Prof Kenyon-Rouvinez. “You have on your shoulders the expectations of all the other family members. You don’t want to be the generation that is not successful.”
凯尼恩-罗维内兹教授表示，一个问题是第二代和第三代家族企业高管往往面临极大的压力。“你背负着其他所有家族成员的期望。你不想成为不成功的一代。”
Prof Angus agrees. “The burden of taking on the management of a company that someone else has created is enormous. At what point do you talk to your mum as your mum, as opposed to talking to her as your controlling shareholder?”
安格斯教授同意这点。“接手老一代创建的一家企业的管理是一个巨大包袱。你要在什么时候跟妈妈说话时把她当作妈妈，而不是把她当成你的控股股东?”
For those who do take the MBA route, one question is whether to return directly to the family business on graduation.
对于那些攻读MBA的人而言，一个问题是：要不要在毕业后直接回到家族企业?
Allan Cohen, professor of global leadership at Babson, recommends that students work for an outside company for a few years. He says this boosts confidence, gives an outside network and brings more credibility for the family member when they return to the fold.
百森商学院全球领导力教授阿兰•科恩(Allan Cohen)建议，学员应为一家外部公司工作几年。他表示，对于这位家族成员而言，这将提高信心，获得外部人脉，并在他回归家族企业时带来更高的可信度。
“We urge everyone to get outside experience if possible, even though some of those people won’t come back [to the family business],” he says.
他表示：“我们敦促每个人在可能的情况下都获得外部经验，尽管其中一些人不会回到(家族企业)。”
It is a conundrum that Prof Bennedsen recognises, but he is pragmatic. “Nobody should go back to a family business because they have no other options.”
这是本内森教授承认的一个难题，但他是务实的。“任何人都不应该仅仅因为没有其他选择而回到家族企业。”
As for Mr van Dorp, he ponders whether his fourth son, an entrepreneur, will join the family firm. In the meantime, as he puts his succession plans in place, the Van Dorp founder has added a new management programme in his diary for 2018: how to be a successful non-executive director.
至于范多普，他在考虑他的第四个儿子(一位企业家)是否会加入他的家族企业。同时，在他制定他的接班计划时，这位范多普家族企业的创始人在他2018年的日程表上添加了一项新的管理课程：如何成为一名成功的非执行董事。
