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在奥克弗诺基沼泽附近开矿的提议引发了古老的担忧

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2019年08月22日

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Proposal to mine near Okefenokee Swamp raises old fears

在奥克弗诺基沼泽附近开矿的提议引发了古老的担忧

The Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow wetland covering 438,000 acres across the Georgia-Florida line. The swamp, which is estimated to be about 7,000 years old, is home to eight different habitat types, ranging from prairies and swamp islands to four types of forests. There are more than 200 species of birds and dozens of species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish that live there.

奥克弗诺基沼泽是一个浅层湿地,横跨乔治亚-佛罗里达线,占地43.8万英亩。据估计,这片沼泽大约有7000年的历史,有8种不同的栖息地类型,从草原、沼泽岛到4种森林。那里生活着200多种鸟类和几十种哺乳动物、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类。

Located in the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, the swamp is one of the National Park Service's National Natural Landmarks. It's also one of the world's largest intact freshwater ecosystems.

沼泽位于奥克弗诺基国家野生动物保护区,是国家公园管理局的国家自然地标之一。它也是世界上最大的完整淡水生态系统之一。

Photo: John Whitehill [CC BY-ND 2.0]/Flickr

But the swamp — which likely derives its name from the Choctaw words for "land of the trembling earth" — could be disrupted by an outside force. The Georgia Conservancy warns that a proposed titanium mine threatens the swamp's ecology.

但是这片沼泽——它的名字很可能来自乔克托语,意思是“颤抖的地球”——可能会被一种外力破坏。乔治亚州自然保护协会警告说,一座拟建的钛矿威胁着沼泽的生态。

Alabama-based Twin Pines is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to mine for heavy metals on a 12,000-acre tract near the southeastern edge of the swamp, according to the conservancy.

据美国自然保护协会称,总部位于阿拉巴马州的Twin pine公司正在向美国陆军工程兵团申请开采重金属的许可。

This isn't the first time mining has been proposed in the Okefenokee. DuPont proposed a similar plan to mine titanium dioxide in 1997 but abandoned the plan after protests from environmental groups who said there wasn't enough research to determine mining's possible impact on the swamp.

这并不是奥克弗诺基人第一次提出采矿计划。杜邦公司曾在1997年提出一项类似的开采二氧化钛的计划,但由于环保组织的抗议,杜邦放弃了这一计划。环保组织称,没有足够的研究来确定开采对这片沼泽地可能产生的影响。

The Twin Pines process would involve digging down an average of 50 feet, which the conservancy says is deep enough to impact adjacent wetlands and permanently impact the hydrology of the entire swamp.

双松的开采过程需要平均挖50英尺深,保护协会说,这一深度足以影响邻近的湿地,并永久性地影响整个沼泽的水文。

Some are concerned that mining for titanium and zirconium could impact water levels, water quality and changes in groundwater flow in Trail Ridge. The group also believes mining could impact specific ecosystems — specifically, the removal of the minerals could affect the habitat of threatened species like the gopher tortoise and other species.

一些人担心,开采钛和锆可能会影响尾迹脊的水位、水质和地下水流量的变化。该组织还认为,采矿可能影响特定的生态系统,具体来说,矿物的清除可能影响到象地鼠龟和其他物种这样的濒危物种的栖息地。

"It's not, 'Here they come again threatening our precious Okefenokee Swamp,'" Chip Campbell, a longtime resident of the area and owner of Okefenokee Adventures, told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "For those of us who are here, this is part of a larger discussion about mineral sand mining and the ecological impact it has on rivers and wetlands and the economic integrity of the region."

“这不是说,‘他们又来威胁我们珍贵的奥克弗诺基沼泽了,’”奇普坎贝尔对《亚特兰大宪法报》说。“对我们在座的各位来说,这是一场更大范围的讨论的一部分,主题是矿物砂开采及其对河流和湿地的生态影响,以及该地区的经济完整性。”

At a public meeting in Folkston, Georgia, Twin Pines representatives explained how wetlands and plant life would be restored after mining is completed and endangered wildlife like the tortoises would be relocated, The Brunswick News reported. But some people were concerned that heavy metals from the mining could get into the nearby St. Marys River.

据《不伦瑞克新闻》报道,在乔治亚州福克斯顿的一次公开会议上,双松公司的代表解释了在采矿完成后,湿地和植物将如何恢复,以及象乌龟这样的濒危野生动物将如何重新安置。但一些人担心,采矿产生的重金属会进入附近的圣玛丽河。

The Georgia Conservancy has requested that the Army Corps hold a public hearing on the mining permit application. The comment period has been extended until Sept. 12 for public input.

乔治亚州自然保护协会要求陆军就采矿许可证申请举行公开听证会。征求意见的时间已被延长至9月12日。


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