最新的健康指南指出，大多数儿童不应该喝植物性牛奶

最新的健康指南指出，大多数儿童不应该喝植物性牛奶

Most children under the age of 5 should avoid plant-based milk, according to new health guidelines about what young children should drink. Plant-based milk made from rice, coconut, oats or other blends -- with the exception of fortified soy milk -- lack key nutrition for early development, according to guidelines released on Wednesday by health organizations.

根据关于儿童应该喝什么饮料的最新健康指南，大多数5岁以下的儿童应该避免饮用植物性牛奶。根据卫生组织周三发布的指导方针，由大米、椰子、燕麦或其他混合物制成的植物性牛奶(强化豆奶除外)缺乏早期发育所需的关键营养。

They should also avoid diet drinks, flavored milks and sugary beverages and limit how much juice they drink, the guidelines said.

他们也应该避免减肥饮料，调味牛奶和含糖饮料，并限制果汁饮用量，指南说。

Plant-based milk is made from rice, coconut, oats or other blends that lack key nutrition for early development, according to the Healthy Eating Research guidelines. The recommendations come from a panel of experts with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association.

根据健康饮食研究指南，植物性牛奶由大米、椰子、燕麦或其他缺乏早期发育关键营养的混合物制成。这些建议来自美国营养与饮食学会、美国儿科牙科学会、美国儿科学会和美国心脏协会的专家小组。

"In the last five to 10 years there has been an explosion of interest in plant-based milk. More and more parents are turning to them for a variety of reasons and there's a misconception that they are equal somehow to cow or dairy milk, but that's just not the case," said Megan Lott, who helped develop the recommendations as the deputy director of the Healthy Eating Research.

梅根·洛特说，“在过去的五到十年里，人们对植物性牛奶的兴趣激增。越来越多的父母出于各种原因转向植物性牛奶，人们误以为它们在某种程度上等同于牛奶或乳制品，但事实并非如此。”作为健康饮食研究中心副主任，他帮助制定了这些建议。

She said most plant-based milk doesn't deliver enough of the nutrition, like vitamin D and calcium, that growing children need in this vital developmental stage.

她说，大多数植物性牛奶不能提供足够的营养，如维生素D和钙，这是成长中的儿童在这个重要的发育阶段所需要的。

"The guidelines do make an exception if a child has a dairy or cow milk allergy or is lactose intolerant or has religious rules or lives in a house that keeps a vegan diet, in that case, the parents should definitely consult with their pediatrician or dietitian," Lott said.

洛特说：“如果孩子对乳制品或牛奶过敏，或者对乳糖不耐受，或者有宗教规则，或者生活在纯素食家庭，那么这些指导方针确实是一个例外，在这种情况下，父母绝对应该咨询他们的儿科医生或营养师。”

Even as a registered dietitian, Lott said she had to look closely at what would work for her child. Her son is almost 3 and has a severe allergy to cow's milk. Based on his normal eating pattern, she had to figure out what kind of milk substitute can fill in the nutritional gap.

即使作为一名注册营养师，洛特说她也必须仔细研究什么对她的孩子有效。她的儿子快3岁了，对牛奶有严重过敏。根据他正常的饮食习惯，她必须找到一种牛奶替代品来填补营养缺口。

"What works for my son may not be the same for another young child, it's based on individual needs and why we talk about the need for parents to talk to the child's pediatrician or dietician about it," Lott said.

洛特说:“对我儿子有效的方法可能对另一个年幼的孩子就不一样了，这取决于个人的需要，以及我们为什么说到家长需要和孩子的儿科医生或营养师谈谈这个问题。”

Guidelines about what drinks to avoid

关于避免喝什么饮料的指南

A few other drinks to avoid, according to the guidelines, include low-calorie and zero-calorie drinks.

根据指南，其他一些要避免的饮料包括低卡路里和零卡路里的饮料。

"We are finding more and more of these artificial sweeteners showing up in food marketed to young children and there is no research on these substitutes that show they cause harm, but there's really no research showing that they are safe," said Lott.

洛特说:“我们发现在儿童食品中出现越来越多的人工甜味剂。目前还没有研究表明这些替代品会造成危害，但也没有研究表明它们是安全的。”

With children being in a vulnerable developmental stage, it's good to be cautious, she said.

Toddler milk and flavored milk is also off the menu. In the past, recommendations allowed some wiggle room on flavors, suggesting that chocolate milk would be better than no milk at all, Lott said, but the committee shifted its thinking. She noted this is a key age when a child develops a taste preference and it's more important to create healthy habits early.

她说，由于孩子们正处于脆弱的发展阶段，保持谨慎是有好处的。婴儿奶和调味奶也不被推荐喝。洛特说，过去的建议允许在口味上有一定的回旋余地，建议巧克力牛奶比没有牛奶要好，但委员会改变了想法。她指出，这是孩子形成味觉偏好的关键年龄，更重要的是尽早养成健康的习惯。

What children should drink

孩子们应该喝什么

The guidelines say babies need only breast milk or infant formula and once they are 6 months old, small amounts of water. Children should stick to milk, water and occasionally drink juice.

该指导方针说，婴儿只需要母乳或婴儿配方奶粉，一旦他们6个月大，就需要少量的水。儿童应坚持喝牛奶、水，偶尔喝果汁。

The guidelines recommend children between the age of 1 and 2 years old drink two to three cups of whole milk a day. At age 2 and 3 they should drink no more than two cups of skim or low-fat milk a day. For age 4 and 5 they should drink no more than two and a half cups of skim or low-fat milk a day.

指南建议1到2岁的儿童每天喝两到三杯全脂牛奶。在2岁和3岁的时候，他们每天应该喝不超过两杯脱脂或低脂牛奶。对于4到5岁的孩子，他们每天应该喝不超过两杯半的脱脂或低脂牛奶。

For water, it's a half-cup to a cup for 6- to 12-month-old children, one to four cups a day for ages 1 to 3, and one and a half to five cups a day for 4- and 5-year-olds.

对于水，6到12个月大的孩子每天半杯到一杯，1到3岁的孩子每天一到四杯，4到5岁的孩子每天一到五杯。

"When some parents walk into a grocery store they may be overwhelmed by the options, but in daily life, what we recommend is doable, even if it does take some persistence and cooperation," Lott said. "There are lots of opportunities to make great improvements in a child's nutrition for parents here."

洛特说:“当一些家长走进杂货店时，他们可能会被各种各样的选择弄得不知所措，但在日常生活中，我们的建议是可行的，即使需要一些坚持和合作。”“对于这里的父母来说，有很多机会可以极大地改善孩子的营养状况。”