培养聪明孩子的关键是什么?

培养聪明孩子的关键是什么?

We all want to raise smart, successful kids, so it's tempting to play Mozart for our babies and run math drills for kindergartners. After all, we need to give them a head start while they're still little sponges, right?

我们都想培养聪明、成功的孩子，所以给我们的孩子放莫扎特，给幼儿园的孩子做数学练习，这些都很诱人。毕竟，我们需要在他们还小的时候就给他们一个好的开始，对吗?

"It doesn't quite work that way," says Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, a professor of psychology at Temple University and co-author of Becoming Brilliant: What Science Tells Us About Raising Successful Children with Roberta Golinkoff. She's been studying childhood development for almost 40 years.

坦普尔大学心理学教授凯西·赫什-帕塞克说：“事情并不是这样的。”她与罗伯塔·戈林科夫合著有《变得辉煌：科学告诉我们如何培养成功的孩子》一书。她研究儿童发展已经将近40年了。

NPR Education reporters and Life Kit hosts Anya Kamenetz and Cory Turner talk with Hirsh-Pasek about the "six C's" that kids need to succeed — collaboration, communication, content, critical thinking, creative innovation and confidence — and why raising brilliant kids starts with redefining brilliant.

美国国家公共广播电台教育记者和生活工具箱节目主持人安雅·卡米涅茨和科里·特纳与赫什-帕塞克讨论了孩子们成功所需要的“六个C”——合作、交流、内容、批判性思维、创造性革新和自信——以及为什么培养聪明的孩子要从重新定义聪明开始。

This interview was edited for length and clarity.

这篇采访在篇幅和清晰度方面都经过了编辑。

Cory Turner: This is your golden opportunity to speak directly to all of these overzealous, anxious parents. And full disclosure, I have been one of them at times. Every parent is. So explain to us why we need to cool our jets.

科里·特纳:这是你直接与这些过分热情、焦虑的家长对话的黄金机会。坦白地说，我有时也是他们中的一员。每一位父母都是。所以请为我们解释为什么我们需要冷静下来。

Kathy Hirsh-Pasek: Cool your jets because it's healthier for your child. Let's look at what counts as success. Give me your take on these two definitions:

凯西·赫什-帕塞克:冷静下来，因为这对你的孩子更健康。让我们来看看影响成功的因素是什么。请给出你对这两个定义的理解:

One is your child's success is to be a good reader, a good writer and really good at math. We'll call that the traditional view.

一是你的孩子的成功在于成为一个好的读者，一个好的作家，一个真正擅长数学的人。我们称之为传统观点。

Two is what I call the 21st century view of success: a happy, healthy, caring, child who grows up to be a collaborative person, a creative innovator, a thinking person and a social person, while also being a good citizen.

二是我所说的21世纪的成功观:一个快乐、健康、有爱心的孩子，他长大后会成为一个合作的人，一个有创造力的创新者，一个有思想的人，一个善于社交的人，同时也是一个好公民。

Turner: Oh, I'll take door No. 2.

特纳:哦，我要第二种成功观点。

Hirsh-Pasek: OK, the question then becomes how do you get there?

赫什-帕塞克: 好的，那么问题就变成了你如何到达第二种成功?

Pushing down the kind of math, reading and writing skills to younger and younger ages ain't gonna give you No. 2 because you're not building a full, whole child human being.

把数学、阅读和写作技能强加给越来越小的孩子是不会让你达到第二种成功的，因为你还没有塑造一个全面的、完整的儿童。

The science says that the human brain was actually built to endure wonderful, long-term relationships. One of my friends says it's a "socially gated brain."

科学表明，人类的大脑实际上是用来维持美好的长期关系的。我的一个朋友说它是一个“社交门控大脑”。

Anya Kamenetz: Socially gated, what does that mean?

安雅·卡米涅茨：社交门控是什么意思?

Hirsh-Pasek: Everything goes through the social. Everything we learn starts with collaboration and relationships. When you think of it, we aren't born ready to hop out of the womb and into the world. We have a lot of learning to do, and the learning is social.

赫什-帕塞克:一切都要经过社交。我们所学的一切都始于合作和关系。当你想到这一点时，我们并不是天生就准备好跳出子宫进入世界。我们有很多东西要学，而学习是社会性的。

Raising Brilliant Kids — With Research To Back You Up

培养聪明的孩子——有研究支持

Turner: You talk a lot about your six C's. The fundamentals [of] what every kid needs to thrive. The first of the six, the most fundamental, is collaboration.

特纳:你说了很多关于你的六个C。这是每个孩子成长的基础。六个C当中，最重要的是合作。

Hirsh-Pasek: It is indeed.

赫什-帕塞克:的确是。

Turner: Why?

特纳:为什么？

Hirsh-Pasek: Well, if it's really the case that we have this socially gated brain, and if we learn everything through relationships, or at least everything starts through relationships, I think collaboration is the most foundational piece of little humans trying to become bigger humans.

赫什-帕塞克:如果我们真的有这种社交门控的大脑，如果我们通过人际关系来学习一切，或者至少一切都是从人际关系开始的，我认为合作是小人物想要成为大人物的最基本的部分。