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气候变化对儿童健康构成的威胁特别大

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2019年11月17日

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Climate change poses a particular threat to children's health

气候变化对儿童健康构成的威胁特别大

When it comes to global health, the world has made remarkable strides over the last two decades. There's been unprecedented progress vaccinating kids, treating diseases and lifting millions out of poverty. The childhood death rate has been slashed in half since 2000. Adults are living an average five-and-a-half years longer.

在全球卫生方面,世界在过去二十年中取得了显著进展。为儿童接种疫苗、治疗疾病和帮助数百万人脱贫取得了前所未有的进展。自2000年以来,儿童死亡率下降了一半。成年人的平均寿命增加了5年半。

Now scientists say these successes are under serious threat from climate change. The warning comes in a sweeping new study in the journal The Lancet. It's the latest in an annual — and evolving — effort by researchers from more than a dozen universities as well as the World Health Organization to track the health impacts of climate change.

现在,科学家们表示,这些成功正受到气候变化的严重威胁。这一警告来自《柳叶刀》杂志上一项全新的研究。这是来自十多所大学和世界卫生组织的研究人员追踪气候变化对健康影响的年度努力的最新进展。

气候变化对儿童健康构成的威胁特别大

They note that even as the world has been doing so much to improve health, climate change has also been underway — slowly pushing up the average temperatures experienced around the planet by about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit compared to preindustrial times.

他们指出,尽管世界一直在努力改善人们的健康,但气候变化也一直在发生——与前工业化时代相比,全球平均气温缓慢上升了约1.8华氏度。

And that temperature boost has had a wide and complicated range of consequences for world health, says Dr. Nick Watts of University College London, who led the study.

主持这项研究的伦敦大学学院的尼克·沃茨博士说,气温升高对世界健康产生了广泛而复杂的影响。

For instance, it's meant the conditions for growing all sorts of crops around the world have become less favorable.

例如,它意味着世界各地种植各种作物的条件变得不那么有利。

"Each of the major crops," Watts says. "We track maize, we track rice, soybean, and spring and winter wheat."

沃茨说,“我们追踪了玉米、大米、大豆、春小麦和冬小麦等每一种主要作物。”

Watts says the research team found that the yield potential for these staple crops is now down as much as 6%.

沃茨说,研究小组发现,这些主要农作物的潜在产量现在下降了6%。

Which might not sound like much, but with reduced crop yields, "who is going to be the most vulnerable?" Watts asks. "Children."

这听起来可能不算什么,但随着农作物产量的下降,“谁将是最易受伤害的?” 沃茨问道。“孩子们。”

Particularly kids in poorer countries. When fewer crops are produced, prices go up, and people get less food. That leads to malnutrition, which can be especially devastating for kids because their bodies are still growing.

尤其是贫穷国家的孩子。当作物产量减少时,价格就会上涨,人们得到的食物就会减少。这就导致了营养不良,这对孩子们来说是毁灭性的,因为他们的身体还在生长。

气候变化对儿童健康构成的威胁特别大

"They end up with these health impacts that stick with them through the rest of their life — gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, cognitive defects," Watts says. "And that has a really profound lifelong impact that is irreversible."

沃茨说:“这些疾病会伴随他们一生——肠胃疾病、心血管疾病、认知缺陷。”“这对人的一生影响深远,不可逆转。”

Another health-related effect of climate change: It's improving conditions for the spread of a bacteria called Vibrio.

气候变化对健康的另一个影响是:它改善了弧菌的传播条件。

"It's a nasty bug. It causes all sorts of problems," Watts notes. Including cholera, wound infections and diarrhea, which in poorer countries is an especially big killer for kids.

“这是个讨厌的虫子。它会引起各种各样的问题。包括霍乱、伤口感染和腹泻,这些疾病在贫穷国家是儿童的主要杀手。

Here's how climate change plays a role: As the surface temperature of the ocean rises, the salinity patterns in the water shift.

气候变化是这样起作用的:随着海洋表面温度的升高,海水的盐分模式也发生了变化。

Even though these impacts disproportionately hit poor countries, the report's authors stress that every nation is affected.

报告的作者强调,尽管这些影响不成比例地影响了贫穷的国家,但每个国家都受到了影响。


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