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你的狗比你想象的知道的更多

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2019年12月07日

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Your dog understands more than you think

你的狗比你想象的知道的更多

When we make a road trip to visit my parents, Brodie always comes along for the ride. My mom and dad talk to my crazy border collie mix both in Italian and heavily accented English. "Sit" becomes "sitta" and they often ask him to "givva me your paw."

当我们自驾游去看望父母时,布罗迪总是陪在我们身边。我爸妈用意大利语和带有浓重口音的英语跟我那只疯狂的博德牧羊犬说话。“坐”变成了“坐”,他们经常让它“把你的爪子给我”。

Researchers used to believe only humans could recognize the same vowel sounds spoken by different speakers. (Photo: ShotPrime Studio/Shutterstock)

Brodie looks at them intently and certainly appears to understand everything they say. It probably helps that they're bribing him with homemade bread, but a new study finds that dogs understand human language better than we thought. Researchers found that dogs can understand when someone new is talking or when they hear a different word. The results were published in the journal Biology Letters.

布罗迪专注地看着他们,显然明白他们所说的一切。他们用自制的面包贿赂他,这可能有帮助,但一项新的研究发现,狗比我们想象的更能理解人类的语言。研究人员发现,狗能听懂别人说话或听到不同的单词。研究结果发表在《生物学快报》杂志上。

For the study, researchers from the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom filmed 70 dogs of different breeds while they sat next to their owners, according to Science. They played audio recordings of men and women who the dogs had never heard speak before, and they used words that sounded very similar such as "had," "hid" and "who'd."

据《科学》杂志报道,在这项研究中,英国苏塞克斯大学的研究人员拍摄了70只不同品种的狗,它们坐在主人旁边。他们播放了狗从未听过的男人和女人说话的录音,并使用听起来非常相似的单词,如“had”、“hid”和“who’d”。

The words were chosen because they didn't sound anything like common commands that the dogs were likely to have heard at home or during normal training.

之所以选择这些词,是因为它们听起来不像是狗在家里或正常训练时可能听到的普通命令。

More than a human thing

不仅仅是人类的事情

After listening to the recordings just one time, 48 of the dogs reacted either when a different speaker said the same word or when the same speaker said a different word, New Scientist reports. The other dogs didn't respond in a noticeable way or were distracted.

据《新科学家》报道,在只听了一次录音后,其中48只狗在听到不同的人说同一个词或同一个人说不同的词时做出了反应。其他的狗没有明显的反应,或者注意力分散。

Researchers looked for reactions like the dog's ears moving forward, changing eye contact or shifting toward the speaker whenever they heard a change in a word or a speaker, as shown in the video above. They also noted how long the dogs paid attention. When they kept hearing the same word repeated over and over, their attention dropped.

研究人员观察了狗狗的反应,比如每当听到一个单词或说话者的变化时,狗狗的耳朵会向前移动、改变眼神接触或转向说话者,如上面的视频所示。他们还记录了狗注意的时间。当他们反复听到同一个词时,他们的注意力就会下降。

"Until now, the spontaneous ability to recognize vowel sounds when spoken by different people was considered to be uniquely human," lead researcher Holly Root-Gutteridge told the Press Association. "This research shows that, despite previous assumptions, this spontaneous ability is not uniquely human and that dogs share this linguistic talent, suggesting that speech perception may not be as special to humans as we previously thought.”

首席研究员Holly Root-Gutteridge告诉英国报业协会:“直到现在,当不同的人说不同的元音时,自发识别元音的能力被认为是人类独有的。”“这项研究表明,尽管之前有过假设,但这种自发的能力并不是人类独有的,狗也有这种语言天赋,这表明语言感知对人类来说可能并不像我们之前认为的那么特殊。”

Researchers think the ability might be due to domestication, as dogs who are the most attentive to humans are the ones most likely to be used for breeding.

研究人员认为,这种能力可能源于驯化,因为最关心人类的狗最有可能被用来繁殖。

"I was surprised by how well some of the dogs responded to unfamiliar voices," Root-Gutteridge told New Scientist. "It might mean that they comprehend more than we give them credit for."

Root-Gutteridge告诉《新科学家》杂志说:“我很惊讶一些狗对陌生声音的反应如此之好。”“这可能意味着他们理解的东西比我们认为的要多。”


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