一份冬季应急包的包装单
一份冬季应急包的包装单
Whether in rural Montana or New York City, if you drive in an area subject to freezing winters, it's best to be prepared. Breaking down, getting stranded and running up against a potential emergency is no time to start thinking about what you wish you had packed. Make sure you have a winter emergency kit on hand for when the going gets rough and really, really cold.
无论是在蒙大拿州的乡村还是在纽约市，如果你开车经过的地方冬天很冷，你最好做好准备。崩溃，陷入困境，面对潜在的紧急情况，没有时间去思考你希望自己带了什么。确保你手头有一个冬天的应急包，当天气变得很糟糕、很冷的时候可以用。
If this happened to you, would you be prepared? (Photo: Ludovic Péron/Flickr)
Preventative Action
预防行动
One of the best ways to guard against winter road conditions is to keep your vehicle properly maintained.
预防冬季路面状况的最佳方法之一是妥善保养车辆。
Get a regular tune up and inspection before winter sets in.
在冬天来临之前要经常调整和检查。
Follow your oil change schedule and frequently check all fluid levels.
按照你的换油时间表，经常检查所有的液位。
Keep your radiator full of no-freeze coolant.
让你的散热器充满无冷冻冷却剂。
Regularly top off windshield fluid with a deicer mixture.
定期用除冰剂混合物来补充挡风玻璃液。
Check tire tread and monitor inflation levels.
检查轮胎胎面并监控充气情况。
Always keep your fuel tank over ½ full.
始终保持你的油箱½满。
Ensure you have a properly charging, strong battery.
确保你有一个合适的充电强劲的电池。
On the Road Again
再次上路
There are two goals of a standard winter emergency kit: repair and survival.
标准的冬季应急包有两个目标:修复和生存。
If you find yourself in car trouble situation in a populated area, your priority might be just to get yourself back on the road. In that case, your kit should include:
如果你发现自己在人口稠密的地区遇到了汽车故障，你的首要任务可能只是让自己重新上路。在这种情况下，你的工具包应该包括:
Jumper cables — invest in good quality as they can also be used to help others in a bind.
跨接电缆-投资于高质量的电缆，因为它们也可以用来帮助别人摆脱困境。
Snow shovel and salt to dig your way out of a snowbank or icy parking spot.
雪铲和盐可以从雪堆或结冰的停车场挖出你的路。
Ice scraper and brush — if you can't see, you can't drive.
刮冰器和冰刷——如果你看不见，你就不能开车。
Tire chains (or socks) for better traction.
轮胎链(或袜子)提供更好的牵引力。
Survival Mode
生存模式
The worst case scenario is that you become stranded with no way to get yourself out. Your best bet here is to stay in the car and call for help. If you're in a tough spot to locate, be prepared to settle in and concentrate on staying alive. Your kit should include:
最糟糕的情况是你陷入困境，无法脱身。你最好呆在车里呼救。如果你处在一个很难找到的地方，准备好安顿下来，集中精力活下去。你的应急包应包括:
Water — best stored in smaller bottles that are easy to defrost.
水-最好储存在更小的瓶子，容易解冻。
Ways to stay warm — an old coat, gloves, a hat and a sleeping bag or blanket could very well be the difference between life and death. You cannot depend on your car's heater for warmth because (if it even works) you run a serious risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
保暖的方法——一件旧外套、手套、帽子、睡袋或毯子很可能就是生与死的区别。你不能依靠汽车的加热器取暖，因为(如果它能工作的话)你有一氧化碳中毒的严重危险。
Considering most people are found within 24 hours, food is less important than water and heat but it never hurts to have a few high-calorie snacks lying around. Choose items you might pack for a day hike.
考虑到大多数人都是在24小时内被发现的，食物没有水和热那么重要，但在周围放一些高热量的零食也无妨。选择你可能为一天的徒步旅行打包的物品。
First aid kit in case there's been an injury. You can find them ready-made or DIY.
急救箱，以防受伤。你可以找到现成的或者自己动手做的。
Spare phone charger — communication with the outside world is your best friend.
备用手机充电器——与外界交流是你最好的朋友。
No one can guess with certainty if and when a winter breakdown might occur. Several of these items are likely already in your everyday emergency kit but you really should take the time to winterize your car and be prepared — you never know when you might find yourself in need.
没有人能确切地猜测冬季崩溃是否会发生以及何时发生。这些东西可能已经在你每天的急救箱里了，但是你真的应该花点时间来防冻你的车，做好准备——你永远不知道什么时候你会发现自己需要帮助。
