英语阅读 学英语,练听力,上听力课堂! 注册 登录
> 轻松阅读 > 英语漫读 >  内容

更高的海水温度使海洋中声音最大的动物之一声音变得更大

所属教程:英语漫读

浏览:

2020年02月20日

手机版
扫描二维码方便学习和分享
Higher Sea Temperatures Are Making One Of The Ocean's Loudest Animals Even Louder

更高的海水温度使海洋中声音最大的动物之一声音变得更大

When thinking of noisy marine wildlife, your mind likely jumps to something big like a whale – and rightly so, with the sperm whale clocking in an impressive 230 decibels for their communicative clicks, which are amplified by the oil-filled spermaceti organs that give them their name. Following close behind however is a tiny crustacean whose massive claw packs an audible punch.

当你想到吵闹的海洋野生动物时,你的大脑很可能会跳到像鲸鱼一样的大东西上——事实也确实如此,抹香鲸发出的交流声高达230分贝,这些声音被充油的抹香鲸器官放大,正是这些器官赋予了它们的名字。然而紧随其后的是一只小甲壳类动物,它巨大的爪子能发出响亮的重击声。

Snapping shrimp, also known as pistol shrimp, can create a sound louder than a gunshot, clocking at 210 decibels. Collectively they create the loudest sound in the ocean, and a recent study presented at the Ocean Sciences Meeting 2020 has discovered they’re only getting louder, spelling big problems for marine ecosystems.

啮虾,也被称为手枪虾,可以发出比枪声更响亮的声音,达到210分贝。它们共同创造了海洋中最大的声音,最近在2020年海洋科学会议上发表的一项研究发现,它们的声音只会越来越大,给海洋生态系统带来了大问题。

As part of the family Alpheidae, they’re famed for their asymmetrical claws, one of which is huge, and there are about 119 species including The Wall-inspired Synalpheus pinkfloydi. They roam the oceans in colonies of over 300 members snapping their enormous claws as they go (sort of like the gangs in West Side Story only with fewer pirouettes) and are a nightmare for submarines.

作为翼龙科的一员,翼龙因其不对称的爪子而闻名,其中一个巨大的翼龙共有119种,其中包括灵感来自墙壁的翼龙。它们在海洋中漫游,300多名成员一边行走一边咬着巨大的爪子(有点像西城故事里的帮派,只是旋转动作更少),对潜艇来说是噩梦。

The noise they make collectively is known as the “shrimp layer” and it’s so loud it can block out a submarine’s sonar. This sound is created as a result of the speed at which they snap their claw – approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) per hour. This high-speed click creates a vacuum that expels a searing bubble of heat that at 4,400°C (7,950°F) is almost as hot as the surface of the Sun. This high-pressure cavitation bubble collapses producing sonoluminescence, the combination of light and sound. They’re the Snap, Crackle and Pop of crustaceans.

它们共同发出的声音被称为“虾层”,它的声音如此之大,以至于可以阻挡潜水艇的声纳。这种声音的产生是由于它们折断爪子的速度——大约每小时100公里(62英里)。在4400°C(7950°F)的温度下,这个灼热的气泡几乎和太阳表面一样热。这个高压空化泡崩塌产生声致发光,光和声音的结合。它们是甲壳类动物发出的噼啪声。

According to new research, these rambunctious gangs of crustaceans are getting even louder and increasing ocean temperatures are to blame. The discovery was made when marine biologists Aran Mooney and Ashlee Lillis at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tested the effects of changing temperature on the shrimp tanks in their lab.

根据最新的研究,这些吵闹的甲壳类动物群体的声音越来越大,海洋温度的升高是罪魁祸首。这一发现是在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的海洋生物学家阿兰·穆尼和阿什莉·利利斯在他们的实验室里测试了温度变化对虾池的影响后得出的。

Listening in to the shrimp, they found that as the temperature increased so too did the frequency and volume of the snaps. As cold-blooded animals, the body temperature and activity of snapping shrimp is largely controlled by their environment, so warmer waters increase their activity. The same is seen in ants on land that move slower when it’s cold and faster when it’s hot.

通过监听虾的声音,他们发现随着温度的升高,响动的频率和音量也会增加。作为冷血动物,啮虾的体温和活动在很大程度上是由它们所处的环境控制的,因此水温升高会增加它们的活动。同样的情况也发生在陆地上的蚂蚁身上,它们在寒冷的时候行动缓慢,而在炎热的时候行动迅速。

Snapping shrimp have assymetrical claws. Matthew R McClure/Shutterstock

"We can actually show in the field that not only does snap rate increase, but the sound levels increase as well," Mooney said. "So, the seas are actually getting louder as water [reaches] warmer temperatures."

穆尼说:“我们实际上可以证明,在野外,不仅拍速率会增加,声音水平也会增加。所以,海水温度升高时,声音实际上会越来越大。”

Louder snapping shrimp potentially poses a danger to marine ecosystems where many animals use sound to communicate. If the oceans get louder, there’s a chance it could impact marine animals’ chances of finding a mate, defending their territory, and hunting for food. The existing research can’t support or deny if this is likely to happen, but Mooney notes that it’s an important avenue for future investigation.

大声啮虾可能会对海洋生态系统造成威胁,因为许多动物都用声音来交流。如果海洋声音变大,可能会影响海洋动物寻找配偶、保卫领地和寻找食物的机会。现有的研究不能支持或否认这种可能性,但穆尼指出,这是未来研究的一个重要途径。

And it’s not just fish that might suffer. Snapping shrimp are already known to interfere with sonar instruments, which are vital to fisherman searching for catch. On top of which their racket could potentially block instruments used by the Navy to detect mines, posing a threat to national defense.

受影响的不只是鱼类。据悉,捕捉虾会干扰声纳设备,这对渔民寻找猎物至关重要。除此之外,他们的“球拍”可能会阻挡海军探测水雷的仪器,对国防构成威胁。

The more we discover about our oceans the stranger it seems that it has a reputation for peace and tranquility. Find out about more obstreperous ocean life with singing whales, loud-mouthed fish and even a worm whose racket goes beyond the human threshold for pain.

我们对海洋了解得越多,就越觉得它以和平与安宁而著称。了解更多的海洋生物,包括会唱歌的鲸鱼,说话大声的鱼,甚至是一种声音超过人类承受痛苦的能力的蠕虫。


用户搜索

疯狂英语 英语语法 新概念英语 走遍美国 四级听力 英语音标 英语入门 发音 美语 四级 新东方 七年级 赖世雄 zero是什么意思成都市金茂苑英语学习交流群

网站推荐

英语翻译英语应急口语8000句听歌学英语英语学习方法

  • 频道推荐
  • |
  • 全站推荐
  • 推荐下载
  • 网站推荐