如何安全避免晒伤

如何安全避免晒伤

The only way to safely escape the familiar interiors of our homes during this pandemic is to go outside into the fresh air, bask in the beauty of nature and get some desperately needed exercise.

在这次大流行期间，安全逃离我们熟悉的室内环境的唯一方法是到户外呼吸新鲜空气，沐浴在大自然的美景中，并进行一些急需的锻炼。

Of course, you're using safety precautions to protect yourself from the virus — walking 6 feet or more from others, wearing a mask, avoiding touching your face, washing your hands — but have you thought of the necessity of protecting your skin?

当然，你使用安全预防措施来保护自己免受病毒的侵害，走路时距离别人6英尺或更远，戴口罩，避免触摸你的脸，洗手，但是你有没有想过保护你的皮肤的必要性?

The danger of skin cancer certainly hasn't disappeared during the age of coronavirus, and using sunscreen is more important than ever, experts say.

专家说，在冠状病毒时期，皮肤癌的危险肯定没有消失，使用防晒霜比以往任何时候都更重要。

Melanoma, one of the most deadly forms of skin cancer, has been on the rise globally for decades. And while survival rates are getting better, melanoma is still the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States.

黑素瘤是一种最致命的皮肤癌，几十年来在全球范围内呈上升趋势。虽然存活率有所提高，但黑色素瘤仍是美国第五大最常见的癌症。

But before you slather on some sunscreen, you might want to check out the 2020 list of safer sunscreens put out by the Environmental Working Group, or EWG, a consumer organization that advocates for sunscreen safety.

但在你涂防晒霜之前，你可能要看看环境工作小组(简称EWG)发布的2020年更安全防晒霜名单。EWG是一个倡导防晒霜安全的消费者组织。

"This year, 75% of the SPF [sun protection factor] products EWG assessed still contained worrisome ingredients and/or do not provide adequate sun protection," said Nneka Leiba, vice president of healthy living science at EWG.

EWG健康生活科学副总裁尼克·雷巴说:“今年，经EWG评估，75%的SPF防晒产品仍然含有令人担忧的成分，而且/或者没有提供足够的防晒保护。”

Hidden dangers of sunscreens

防晒霜的潜在危害

Last year the US Food and Drug Administration called for additional testing of a dozen common sunscreen ingredients after finding that six of them can enter a person's bloodstream after just one day of use — and then last in the bloodstream for seven to 21 days.

去年，美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)要求对12种常见防晒成分进行额外检测。因为他们发现，其中6种防晒霜成分在使用一天后就可以进入人体血液，然后在血液中持续7至21天，

"What is most alarming about these findings is that chemicals are absorbing into the body in significant amounts and the ingredients have not been fully tested for safety," said EWG senior scientist David Andrews in a CNN interview .

EWG的资深科学家大卫·安德鲁斯在接受CNN采访时表示:“这些发现最令人担忧的是，化学物质大量被人体吸收，而这些成分还没有经过完全的安全测试。”

At the time, the Personal Care Products Council and the Consumer Healthcare Products Association countered: "The presence of these ingredients in plasma does not suggest a safety issue, and there were no serious drug-related adverse events reported in the trial."

当时，个人护理产品委员会和消费者保健产品协会反驳道:“血浆中这些成分的存在并不意味着存在安全问题，试验中没有报告与药物相关的严重不良事件。”

FDA's new guidelines blocked

FDA的新指南受阻

The FDA has been working on more stringent guidelines on sunscreen testing and safety for decades. In 2019 the agency proposed what was to be a set of final rules that placed safety testing requirements on manufacturers, a stipulation that had not been in place before.

数十年来，FDA一直致力于制定更严格的防晒霜测试和安全准则。该机构在2019年提出了一套最终规则，对制造商提出了安全测试要求，这是一项以前从未有过的规定。

"There have been a number of technological advances in the formulation of sunscreens," the FDA wrote in the proposed regulations, which "have led to currently marketed products with more active ingredients combined together in higher concentrations than were previously used.

FDA在提案中写道:“在防晒产品的配方方面已经取得了多项技术进步，这使得目前上市的产品中含有更多的活性成分，其浓度比以前更高。”

"The FDA is now saying we need to treat them like drugs. We need to understand much more about how they work, and we really need to know about their safety as well," Lichtenfeld said.

“FDA现在说我们需要像对待药物一样对待它们。我们需要更多地了解它们是如何工作的，我们也确实需要了解它们的效用，”利成费德说。

As 2020 began, the proposed rules were in a public comment phase, but now all that has come to a halt, EWG's Andrews told CNN Wednesday.

EWG的安德鲁斯周三告诉CNN, 2020年伊始，拟议的规则还处于公众评论阶段，但现在这一切都停止了。

Two sections tucked into the March Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES, rewrote the law on the regulation of over-the-counter drugs, which includes sunscreens. "In effect [it] says that all currently used sunscreen ingredients are safe and effective as written in 1999," Andrews said.

三月份的《冠状病毒援助、救济和经济安全法》(CARES)中有两个章节改写了包括防晒霜在内的非处方药监管法。”事实上(它)说目前使用的所有防晒成分都是安全有效的，正如1999年写的那样，”安德鲁斯说。

How to protect from the sun

如何防晒

All of this uncertainty may leave consumers unsure of what to do, and experts worry some may forgo the use of sunscreen altogether. But, experts warned, that's an even worse idea than exposing you or your family to chemicals that have not yet been proven to be harmful.

所有这些不确定性可能会让消费者不确定该做什么，专家担心有些人可能会完全放弃使用防晒霜。但是，专家警告说，这是一个比让你和你的家人接触到还没有被证明有害的化学物质更糟糕的主意。

To provide consumers with vetted choices, the EWG puts out a yearly sunscreen guide. For its 14th Annual Sunscreen Guide, the group said it analyzed the ingredients and performance of more than 1,300 products with sun protection factors, 700 of which are marketed as beach and sport sunscreens.

为了给消费者提供经过审查的选择，EWG每年都会发布一份防晒霜指南。在其第14份年度防晒霜指南中，该组织称，它分析了1300多种含有防晒因子的产品的成分和性能，其中700种是作为海滩和运动防晒霜销售的。

For those who are concerned about chemicals entering their bloodstream, there are two types of mineral (not chemical) sunscreen ingredients considered safe and effective by the FDA: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.

对于那些担心化学物质进入血液的人来说，有两种矿物质成分(非化学成分)的防晒霜被FDA认为是安全有效的:二氧化钛和氧化锌。

Sunscreens made with minerals physically deflect and block the sun's rays, as opposed to sunscreens with chemical filters that absorb the UVB rays and release heat as they break down.

由矿物质制成的防晒霜在物理上可以偏转和阻挡太阳光，而化学过滤的防晒霜则可以吸收UVB射线并在分解过程中释放热量。

In fact the SPF (sun protection factor) of sunscreens applies only to the UVB rays that cause sunburn and not the UVA rays that also damage and age the skin.

事实上，防晒霜的SPF(防晒系数)只适用于导致晒伤的UVB射线，而不适用于同样会损伤和老化皮肤的UVA射线。