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世界上速度最快的5种鸟

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2020年07月05日

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5 of the World’s Fastest Birds

世界上速度最快的5种鸟

The cheetah will almost always win a race on land. But in the sky, the contest for the fastest bird depends on whether you're measuring level flight or speed while diving after prey.

在陆地上,猎豹几乎总是能赢得比赛。但在空中,争夺最快的鸟取决于你是在水平飞行还是在俯冲追逐猎物时测量速度。

Researchers aren't in agreement about which bird gets top honors. In fact, the Guinness Book of World Records was actually created in the 1950s when Sir Hugh Beaver, managing director of the Guinness Brewery, got into an argument with friends about the fastest game bird in Europe. No one could find an answer in a reference book, so Beaver decided to create one.

研究人员在哪种鸟获得最高荣誉的问题上意见不一。事实上,吉尼斯世界纪录是在上世纪50年代创造的。当时,吉尼斯啤酒厂的总经理休·比弗爵士和朋友们就欧洲最快的猎鸟发生了争论。没有人能在参考书中找到答案,所以比弗决定创造一个答案。

1. Peregrine Falcon

游隼

When diving for prey, peregrine falcons can reach speeds of 200 mph (320 kph). Ian Dyball / Getty Images

When in level flight, the powerful peregrine falcon zooms at not-too-shabby speeds averaging 25 to 34 mph (40-55 km/h). But it’s when this bird goes after prey that it really shows its spectacular abilities. The peregrine soars to great heights, then drops into a deep dive — called stooping — at speeds up to 200 mph (320 km/h). To put that into perspective, a cheetah can regularly reach speeds up to 70 mph (112 km/h) and a greyhound can reach 45 mph (72 km/h).

在水平飞行时,威力强大的游隼以25 - 34英里/小时(40-55公里/小时)的中等速度飞行。但只有在这种鸟追逐猎物的时候,它才真正展示出它惊人的能力。游隼飞升到很高的高度,然后俯冲下来,以每小时200英里(320公里/小时)的速度俯冲下来,这被称为“俯身”。相比之下,猎豹的时速通常可达70英里/小时(112公里/小时),灰狗的时速可达45英里/小时(72公里/小时)。

2.Golden Eagle

金鹰

Golden eagles are protected by law. Fernando Sanchez De Castro / EyeEm / Getty Images

One of the largest raptors in North America, the golden eagle is a powerful brown bird with trademark golden feathers on its head and neck. When preying on rabbits, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs, the golden eagle dives to speeds of more than 150 mph (241 km/h). Golden eagles use their massive talons to snatch their prey and have even been known to take down deer and livestock. Once feared and hunted by ranchers, they are now protected by law.

金鹰是北美最大的迅猛动物之一,是一种强壮的棕色鸟类,头部和颈部有标志性的金色羽毛。当捕食兔子、地松鼠和土拨鼠时,金鹰俯冲的速度超过每小时150英里(241公里/小时)。金鹰用它们巨大的爪子抢夺猎物,甚至还猎杀鹿和牲畜。它们曾经被牧场主们害怕和猎杀,现在却受到法律的保护。

3.White-throated Needletail

白喉针尾雨燕

The white-throated needletail has distinctive white markings. H_Yasui / Getty Images

While the peregrine falcon and golden eagle show remarkable speed when diving after prey, other birds are much faster in level flight. Although not scientifically proven, the white-throated needletail is believed by many researchers to be the fastest bird flying in a straight line. Formerly known as the spine-tailed swift, the cigar-shaped bird with the striking white throat can reportedly reach speeds up to 105 mph (169 km/h).

游隼和金鹰在潜水捕食时速度惊人,而其他鸟类在水平飞行时速度要快得多。尽管没有科学的证明,白喉针尾被许多研究人员认为是在直线上飞行最快的鸟。它的前身是“雨燕”,外形像雪茄,喉咙呈白色,据说时速可达169公里/小时。

4.Eurasian Hobby

燕隼

The Eurasian hobby is known for its aerial acrobatics. Denja1 / Getty Images

Recognized for their acrobatic skills, Eurasian hobbies are so athletic that they can pass food to each other mid-flight as they are soaring through the skies. These falcons are believed to be able to reach speeds up to 99 mph (159 km/h) when they snatch small birds and dragonflies out of the air. They prefer open woodland, heathland, and farmland, and they can be found in Africa, Asia, and Europe.

欧亚大陆的动物以其高超的杂技技能而闻名,它们的运动能力非常强,在飞越天空的过程中,它们可以互相传递食物。据信,这些燕隼能够达到99英里/小时(159公里/小时)的速度,它们可以从空中捕食小鸟和蜻蜓。它们喜欢开阔的林地、石楠丛和农田,它们分布在非洲、亚洲和欧洲。

5.Frigatebird

军舰鸟

Frigatebirds can fly for weeks at a time. Jonne Seijdel / Getty Images

Frigatebirds can fly for weeks at a time. They spend most of their lives soaring in the clouds, often sleeping mid-flight. These sea birds catch their prey from the water or from the air. Sometimes they bother other birds, irritating them so much that they cough up whatever fish they’ve eaten and the frigatebird swipes it, says NPR. Frigatebirds do all this at remarkable speeds, reaching an estimated 95 mph (153 km/h) during flight. Males have a distinctive red pouch below their beaks which they inflate during breeding.

军舰鸟一次能飞好几个星期。它们一生中的大部分时间都在云中飞翔,经常在飞行途中睡觉。这些鸟从水里或空中捕食。美国国家公共广播电台(NPR)报道说,有时它们会打扰其他鸟类,非常刺激它们,它们会把吃过的鱼咳出来,军舰鸟就会拍打它。军舰鸟以惊人的速度完成这一切,在飞行中可以达到每小时95英里(153公里/小时)。雄性的喙下有一个特别的红色育儿袋,它们在繁殖的过程中会膨胀。


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