锁链，脚镣，拍卖文件:从非洲到北美奴隶贸易的残留物

锁链，脚镣，拍卖文件:从非洲到北美奴隶贸易的残留物

Their arrival, 400 years ago next month, was recorded by English settler John Rolfe and is believed to be the first of captive Africans to reach the shores of Britain’s North American colonies.

400年前的下个月，他们的到来被英国殖民者约翰·罗尔夫记录了下来，据说，他是第一个到达英国北美殖民地海岸的非洲俘虏。

Their long and treacherous journey across the Atlantic may have begun in Angola, historians say, believing that once they arrived, they were sold for food.

历史学家说，他们跨越大西洋的漫长而危险的旅程可能是从安哥拉开始的，他们相信，一旦他们到达，就会被当作食物出售。

“Those African people who were on that ship were specifically sold in a trading transaction that we now recognize as something that became common during the transatlantic slave trade,” said Rebecca Nelson, assistant curator of projects at Wilberforce House Museum in the British city of Hull.

英国赫尔城威尔伯福斯博物馆项目助理馆长丽贝卡·纳尔逊说：“在一次贸易交易中，那些在船上的非洲人被专门出售，我们现在认为这种交易在跨大西洋奴隶贸易中很常见。”

“There were African people in America before that date but not having been sold in the same specific way.”

“在那之前，美国也有非洲人，但没有以同样的方式被出售。”

Millions of African men, women and children were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean between the 16th and 19th centuries.

在16世纪到19世纪之间，数以百万计的非洲男人、女人和儿童被运送过大西洋。

Many died in horrific conditions. Those who survived were forced into servitude and worked on plantations.

许多人死于可怕的环境。那些幸存下来的人被迫服兵役，在种植园工作。

Ahead of the 400-year anniversary, Reuters photographers visited museums in Ivory Coast, Nigeria, South Africa and Britain displaying items from the Africa to North America slave trade.

在400周年纪念日前夕，路透社的摄影记者参观了科特迪瓦、尼日利亚、南非和英国的博物馆，展示了从非洲到北美奴隶贸易的物品。

They have produced a series of pictures depicting items such as chains, shackles, neck braces, whips and documents listing auctions and the treatment of slaves as well as punishment records.

他们制作了一系列的图片，描绘了一些物品，如链子、脚镣、颈托、鞭子、列出拍卖和奴隶待遇以及惩罚记录的文件。

A small wooden model of the “Brookes” slave ship is among the items on display at Wilberforce House, named after William Wilberforce who successfully campaigned to have the British parliament ban the slave trade in 1807. The model was used by Wilberforce during his speeches to parliament.

威尔伯福斯庄园展出的物品中包括一艘名为“布鲁克斯”号奴隶船的木制小模型。威尔伯福斯庄园以威廉·威尔伯福斯命名，1807年，威廉·威尔伯福斯成功地推动英国议会禁止奴隶贸易。威尔伯福斯在国会演讲时就使用了这个模型。

“By using this, he was able to show men who had never ever been to see a slave trip or had visited any docks, or warehouses or plantations themselves … how terrible the conditions for the enslaved Africans were on board these ships,” Nelson said.

纳尔逊说“通过使用这个工具，他能够向那些从未见过奴隶之旅的人展示，他们自己也从未参观过任何码头、仓库或种植园……这些船上的非洲奴隶所处的环境是多么可怕。”