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美国欲借温哥华外长会议加大对朝施压

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2018年02月22日

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The US wants to boost its “maximum pressure” campaign against North Korea at an international meeting on Tuesday despite not inviting China and Russia, which have denigrated the “cold war thinking” behind the gathering.

尽管没有邀请中国和俄罗斯参加,但美国希望在本周二的一次国际会议上加强其对朝鲜施加“最大压力”的行动。中国和俄罗斯诋毁该会议背后存在“冷战思维”。

Senior US officials want the Vancouver gathering of 20 foreign ministers, which the US is hosting jointly with Canada, to support a port-entry ban on vessels that break international sanctions by trading oil with North Korea. The US has previously failed to name publicly sanction-breaking vessels through the UN Security Council.

这次会议将由美国与加拿大联合主持,有20个国家的外长参加。美国高级官员希望这次温哥华会议支持对违反国际制裁与朝鲜交易石油的船只实施一项入港禁令。此前,美国未能通过联合国安理会(UN Security Council)公开列出违反制裁的船只名单。

“We need to drive up the consequences for any vessels that are engaging in this kind of activity,” said Brian Hook, director of policy planning at the US state department. He said the meeting would assess gaps in the US-led campaign that is seeking to squeeze Pyongyang into reversing its nuclear weapons programme.

“我们需要让一切参与这类活动的船只承受更严重的后果,”美国国务院政策规划司司长布赖恩•胡克(Brian Hook)说。他说,美国领导的这场行动旨在对朝强力施压以逆转其核武计划,此次会议将评估行动还存在哪些缺漏。

The initiatives, which won unprecedented backing from China and Russia at the UN, have deprived Pyongyang of 90 per cent of its exports. But officials are concerned that implementation is insufficient and want to spotlight sanctions-busting by Chinese companies and improve border policing.

相关行动举措在联合国(UN)得到中国与俄罗斯前所未有的支持,让朝鲜损失了90%的出口。但官员们担心执行不够充分,想让中国企业违反制裁的行为暴露在聚光灯下,并改善边境管控。

“We think that will demonstrate seriousness of purpose if we can start having more of these vessels listed so that they can be banned from entering other ports,” said Mr Hook.

“我们认为,如果我们能开始更多地把这类船只列出来、以便禁止它们进入其他港口的话,那将彰显行动目的的严肃性,”胡克说。

The absence of China and Russia from the Vancouver meeting threatens Washington’s efforts to stitch together a global coalition of countries to take action against Pyongyang, whose economy overwhelmingly relies on America’s chief adversaries.

中国和俄罗斯缺席温哥华会议,可能会削弱华盛顿方面构建一个全球国家联盟、共同对朝采取行动的努力。在经济上,朝鲜十分依赖美国的这两大主要对手。

Lu Kang, a representative for China’s foreign ministry, said that the meeting would not help to resolve tensions on the Korean peninsula because not all of the main parties would be there.

中国外交部发言人陆慷表示,会议将无助于化解朝鲜半岛的紧张局势,因为并非所有主要相关方都将参加会议。

Maria Zakharova, a Russian foreign ministry spokesperson, said: “We can only consider this idea as a revival of the Cold War approach and mentality, which is particularly inappropriate in light of the newly emerging trends towards a dialogue between the North and the South.”

俄罗斯外交部发言人玛丽亚•扎哈罗娃(Maria Zakharova)说:“我们只能把这个想法视为冷战手段与心理的复活,在朝鲜半岛南北双方最近出现对话趋势之际,这尤其显得不合时宜。”

The Trump administration has tentatively backed the prospect of military talks between the Korean neighbours, spurred by a Pyongyang’s effort to secure representation at the Winter Olympics that Seoul will host next month.

特朗普政府对朝韩举行军事会谈的可能性给予了初步支持。朝鲜希望参加下月将在韩国举行的冬奥会,刺激了会谈的可能性。

But former US officials say the administration needs to be wary of any change in relations that might drive a wedge between Washington and Seoul, deliver Pyongyang concessions or endorse China and Russia’s preferred “freeze for freeze” approach.

但是一些美国前官员表示,特朗普政府需要提防某些可能离间美韩关系、对平壤方面作出让步、或者支持中俄首选的“双冻结”方案的关系变化。

That approach would see Pyongyang give up testing its accelerating nuclear weapons programme in exchange for a moratorium on large-scale joint military exercises by Washington and allies.

“双冻结”即让平壤方面放弃试验正在加速进行的核武器项目,以换取美国及其盟友暂停大规模联合军事演习。

The US has already postponed spring exercises in response to a request from Seoul to safeguard the Olympics.

美国已经推迟了原定于春天举行的军演,以此回应首尔方面确保冬奥会顺利举办的请求。

US and Canadian officials say the Vancouver meeting’s eclectic guest list, which will include foreign ministers from Greece, Turkey, the Philippines and Thailand, reflects allied nations that sent troops in support of the UN coalition on South Korea’s side during the 1950-1953 Korean war.

美国和加拿大官员表示,温哥华会议并非一边倒的与会者名单(将包括希腊、土耳其、菲律宾和泰国的外交部长),让人想起1950-53年朝鲜战争期间曾出兵支持站在韩国一方的联合国军的同盟国家。

Mr Hook said the US had been “in touch” with China and Russia regarding the meeting and would provide “a readout” afterwards. Although officials considered inviting the countries to participate in side meetings, the host countries ultimately rejected the arrangement.

胡克表示,美国已经就此次会议“接触”了中方和俄方,并且将在之后提供“解说”。尽管一些官员考虑过邀请中俄两国参加场边会议,但主办国最终否决了这种安排。

Amy Mills, a spokeswoman for Global Affairs Canada said: “Canada has repeatedly engaged with and updated China on the Vancouver Ministerial Meeting.”

加拿大全球事务部发言人埃米•米尔斯(Amy Mills)表示:“加拿大就温哥华部长会议多次与中方接触并通报最新信息。”

Chinese analysts say the meeting sends the wrong message through its evocation of the Korean war, still an emotional issue for Beijing, which says it lost 180,000 troops in the conflict though unofficial estimates are much higher.

中国分析人士表示,此次会议传递出了错误信息,令人想起朝鲜战争。朝鲜战争对北京方面而言仍是一个易引起强烈情绪的问题,中国称其在那场冲突中损失了18万士兵,尽管非官方估计数字远高于此。

US secretary of defence Jim Mattis will participate in the gathering’s welcome dinner on Monday.

美国国防部长吉姆•马蒂斯(Jim Mattis)将于周一参加此次会议的欢迎晚宴。

"I believe the US wants to avoid discussing any proposal short of demanding North Korea’s clear commitment to complete de-nuclearisation — including the Chinese dual suspension proposal,” said Tong Zhao at the Tsinghua Carnegie Centre in Beijing.

“我认为美国希望避免讨论任何不要求朝鲜明确承诺完全去核的提议——包括中国提出的双暂停方案,”位于北京的清华-卡内基全球政策中心(Tsinghua Carnegie Centre)的赵通表示。
 


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