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澳大利亚与日本拟签《军队到访协议》

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2018年02月26日

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Australia and Japan are set to discuss a major defence co-operation pact, against the backdrop of an increasingly assertive China and lingering concerns over the US commitment to the Asia-Pacific region.

澳大利亚和日本将讨论一项重要的防务合作协议,其背景是中国变得愈发自信,同时美国对亚太地区的承诺引发的担忧挥之不去。

Malcolm Turnbull, Australia’s prime minister, will hold talks on Thursday aimed at finalising a “visiting forces agreement” with Shinzo Abe in Tokyo, which could see both nations’ armed forces train in each other’s countries.

澳大利亚总理马尔科姆•特恩布尔(Malcolm Turnbull)将于周四在东京与日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)举行会谈,旨在敲定一项《军队到访协议》(Visiting Forces Agreement)。根据该协议,两国武装力量可能会在对方国家训练。

It would be the first such agreement entered into by Japan, although it has a longstanding “status of forces” pact with the US that sets the legal parameters for the stationing of American troops on its territory.

这将是日本签订的首份此类协议,尽管日本与美国很早就签订了《驻军地位协定》、为美军在日本驻扎确立了法律标准。

“Prime Minister Abe and I are committed to strong defence co-operation through joint exercises, information sharing and defence industry collaboration,” Mr Turnbull said ahead of the leaders’ meeting. “We are working to formalise this in our reciprocal access agreement that will further enhance our defence interoperability.”

“安倍首相和我致力于通过联合演习、情报共享和防务产业合作来开展强有力的防务合作,”特恩布尔在两位领导人举行会谈前夕表示,“我们将致力于令其成为我们互惠准入协议的正式组成部分,该协议将进一步增强我们的防务互通性。”

The proposed “visiting forces agreement” is the latest step in a progressive deepening of diplomatic and military ties between Canberra and Tokyo, as they seek to respond to increasing tensions on the Korean peninsula and China’s territorial claims in the South China Sea.

拟议的《军队到访协议》是逐渐深化澳大利亚与日本之间外交与军事合作的最新举措,两国试图对朝鲜半岛日益紧张的局势以及中国在南中国海的领土主张作出回应。

Donald Trump’s election as US president has also prompted both countries to intensify their efforts to build partnerships across the region, as they fear a potential US retreat from global leadership.

此外,唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)当选美国总统也促使澳大利亚和日本加大努力增强在该地区的合作,他们担心美国可能会退出全球领导地位。

“Japan doesn’t enter into these types of agreements lightly,” said Euan Graham, analyst at the Lowy Institute think-tank in Sydney. “This will provide a framework so the two countries do not have to negotiate separate agreements every time they want to conduct exercises.”

“日本不会轻率签订这类协议,”悉尼智库洛伊研究所(Lowy Institute)分析师尤安•格雷厄姆(Euan Graham)表示,“这将提供一个框架,使两国不必在每次希望开展演习时都要商谈单独的协议。”

Japanese officials said a “visiting forces agreement” would be complex and played down the chances of a conclusion this week. Mr Abe and Mr Turnbull may agree at the political level, however, and regional security issues would be at the centre of their wider discussion.

日本官员表示《军队到访协议》十分复杂,他们淡化了本周达成协议的可能性。然而,安倍和特恩布尔可能会达成政治共识,地区安全问题将是他们更广泛讨论的核心。

Mr Abe’s diplomatic goal is to build a coalition in Asia around principles such as freedom of navigation, multilateral trade deals and the negotiated settlement of territorial disputes. He aims to make it harder for China to change the status quo with its growing economic and military power.

安倍的外交目标是,围绕航行自由、多边贸易协议以及谈判解决领土争端等原则,在亚洲建立联盟。他的目标是让中国更难以凭借其日益增长的经济和军事实力来改变现状。

As one of the region’s largest and richest democracies, Australia is a top priority for Mr Abe. Tokyo regards Canberra as a “quasi-ally”: one of a handful of countries, including the UK, with which it shares objectives and military co-operation short of an alliance.

澳大利亚作为该地区最大也是最富有的民主国家之一,是安倍实现该目标的重中之重。日本把澳大利亚视为“准盟友”,即与日本拥有共同的目标和军事合作、但未建立联盟关系的国家,包括英国在内的几个国家都属于这一类。

Mr Turnbull has a similar goal in bolstering the rules-based order in Asia, a region that is central to Australia’s economic prosperity and security. In November Australian officials joined counterparts from Japan, India and the US at a meeting in Manila to restart the “quad” — a diplomatic initiative set up a decade ago to counterbalance China’s growing power in the region.

特恩布尔也有类似目标,即支持基于规则的亚洲秩序。该地区是澳大利亚经济繁荣和国家安全的核心所在。去年11月,澳大利亚官员与日本、印度和美国官员一起参加了在马尼拉召开的会议,重新启动了“四方安全对话”——10年前为制衡中国在亚洲不断增长的实力而提出的外交倡议。

Canberra has also adopted a tougher approach to China over the past year, passing laws against foreign interference in its own affairs and criticising Beijing’s aid programme in the South Pacific.

过去一年,澳大利亚还对中国采取了更为强硬的态度,通过了针对外国干涉本国事务的法律,并指责了北京方面在南太平洋地区的援助计划。

Some critics warn Australia’s deepening defence relationship with Tokyo risks entangling it in Japan’s difficult relationship with China.

一些批评人士警告称,澳大利亚不断深化与日本的防务关系,有可能使其卷入日本与中国的紧张关系中。

Hugh White, professor at Australian National University, said a “visiting forces agreement” could prove to be a stepping stone towards a full military alliance with Japan.

澳大利亚国立大学(Australian National University)教授休•怀特(Hugh White)表示,《军队到访协议》可能成为澳大利亚与日本建立全面军事联盟的敲门砖。

“Does anyone believe Australia and Japan’s strategic interests converge enough to support each other in the event of a conflict with China? This is muddled thinking,” he said.

他表示:“有人认为澳大利亚与日本的战略利益共同点多到足以让双方在与中国发生冲突时互相支持吗?这是异想天开。”
 


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