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40年后,米兰·昆德拉恢复了捷克公民身份

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2019年12月06日

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Milan Kundera's Czech Citizenship Is Restored After 40 Years

40年后,米兰·昆德拉恢复了捷克公民身份

The novelist Milan Kundera left Czechoslovakia in 1975. He and his wife had gone to France for what was supposed to be a short stint at a university, and they did not go back. The communist government revoked Kundera's citizenship in 1979, and since then he has scarcely returned to his homeland, even after the fall of the Iron Curtain.

小说家米兰·昆德拉于1975年离开捷克斯洛伐克。他和他的妻子去了法国,本来应该在一所大学短暂停留一段时间,但他们没有回去。1979年,共产主义政府撤销了昆德拉的公民身份,从那以后,即便是在铁幕瓦解之后,他也几乎没有回到自己的祖国。

But after 40 years, the author is a Czech citizen once more.

但40年后,这位作家再次成为捷克公民。

40年后,米兰·昆德拉恢复了捷克公民身份

Czech ambassador to France Petr Drulak went to Kundera's Paris apartment last week and handed him a citizenship certificate. "For me it was very moving," Drulak told Czech Radio. "For all of us actually, it was a very emotional moment because after 40 years, Milan Kundera is a Czech citizen again."

捷克驻法国大使彼得·德鲁拉克上周前往昆德拉在巴黎的公寓,向他颁发了公民证书。“对我来说,这非常感人,” 德鲁拉克告诉捷克电台。“对我们所有人来说,这是一个非常激动的时刻,因为40年后,米兰·昆德拉再次成为捷克公民。”

Drulak said the move was a symbolic gesture, and that the 90-year-old Kundera has always remained connected to his home country, even in exile." He stayed by his convictions and identity, a profound Czech, I would say. He is really someone who is very linked to this country and he is very interested in what is going on in Czech Republic," he said.

德鲁拉克说,这是一个象征性的举动,90岁的昆德拉一直与他的祖国保持联系,即使在流亡中也是如此。“他坚守自己的信念和身份,我想说,他是一个深刻的捷克人。他和这个国家的关系非常密切,他对捷克共和国正在发生的事情非常感兴趣。”

It's not clear whether Kundera is as enthusiastic about the gesture as the Czech government is; he hasn't commented on the matter, and he no longer talks to reporters.Kundera became a French citizen in 1981, and when he does visit the Czech Republic, he reportedly goes incognito. He was awarded the Czech national literature prize in 2008, but did not attend the ceremony.

目前尚不清楚昆德拉是否像捷克政府那样对这一姿态充满热情;他没有对此事发表评论,也不再与记者交谈。昆德拉在1981年成为法国公民,当他访问捷克共和国时,据说他隐姓埋名。2008年,他被授予捷克国家文学奖,但没有出席颁奖典礼。

Czechoslovak authorities banned Kundera's books and revoked his citizenship after the 1979 publishing in France of The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. In that book, Kundera calls then-Czechoslovak President Gustav Husak "the president of forgetting."

1979年昆德拉的《笑与遗忘》在法国出版后,捷克斯洛伐克当局禁止了他的作品,并取消了他的国籍。在那本书中,昆德拉称当时的捷克斯洛伐克总统古斯塔夫·胡萨克是“健忘的人”。

He is best known for his novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being, which became an international bestseller when it was published in 1984. The story of a couple, Tomas and Tereza, takes place amidst the Soviet crackdown and the Prague Spring of 1968. Four years after the book's publication, the story was adapted for an American-made film.

他最出名的是他的小说《生命中不能承受之轻》,1984年出版时成为国际畅销书。托马斯和特丽莎这对夫妇的故事发生在1968年的布拉格之春和苏联的镇压之中。这本书出版四年后,这个故事被改编成一部美国电影。

Kundera's legacy has been complicated in the Czech Republic. Since 1989, he has written his novels in French, and Czech Radio reports that he has refused to allow anyone but himself to translate them into Czech — something he has not always opted to do. As a result, many of Kundera's later novels are not available in his mother tongue.

昆德拉在捷克共和国留下了复杂的遗产。自1989年以来,他的小说都是用法语写的。据捷克电台报道,除了他自己,他不允许任何人把小说翻译成捷克语——他并不总是选择这么做。因此,昆德拉后期的许多小说都没有用他的母语。

In 2008, a Czech magazine published a report indicating that in 1950 Kundera informed the secret police about a supposed spy, who was subsequently arrested and imprisoned for 14 years. Kundera vehemently denied the claims, calling them"pure lies" and "the assassination of an author."

2008年,一家捷克杂志发表了一篇报道,指出昆德拉在1950年向秘密警察报告了一名被认为是间谍的人,那个人随后被逮捕并监禁了14年。昆德拉极力否认这些指控,称它们是“纯粹的谎言”和“对一名作家的暗杀”。

Last year, Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš visited Kundera and his wife in Paris and offered to restore their citizenship. The author was reportedly non-committal, with the couple expressing hope that it would not require "too much paperwork."

去年,捷克总理安德烈·巴比在巴黎探望了昆德拉和他的妻子,并提出恢复他们的公民身份。据报道,作者没有明确表态,这对夫妇表示希望不会需要“太多的文书工作”。

40年后,米兰·昆德拉恢复了捷克公民身份

"In French, of course, the word 'home' doesn't exist," he said. "You have to say 'chez moi' or 'dans ma patrie' - which means that 'home' is already politicized, that 'home' already includes a politics, a state, a nation. Whereas the word 'home' is very beautiful in its exactitude. Losing it, in French, is one of those diabolical problems of translation.

“当然,在法语中,‘家’这个词并不存在,”他说。“你不得不说‘chez moi’或‘dans ma patrie’——这意味着‘家’已经被政治化了,‘家’已经包括了政治、州和国家。而“家”这个词准确地表达了它的美。在法语中,失去它是翻译中一个可怕的问题。

You have to ask: What is home? What does it mean to be 'at home'? It's a complicated question. I can honestly say that I feel much better here in Paris than I did in Prague, but then can I also say that I lost my home, leaving Prague?

你不得不问:什么是家?“在家”是什么意思?这是一个复杂的问题。我可以诚实地说,我在巴黎比在布拉格感觉好得多,但我也可以说,离开布拉格后我失去了我的家吗?


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