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孤星蜱可能很快就会占领你的后院

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2019年12月10日

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The lone star tick could soon be colonizing a backyard near you

孤星蜱可能很快就会占领你的后院

The climate crisis is making us more vulnerable to ticks in an unprecedented and growing threat to public health, according to a new report.

一份新的报告显示,气候危机使我们更容易受到蜱虫的侵害,这对公众健康构成了前所未有的、日益严重的威胁。

Bacterial and protozoan tick-borne diseases doubled in the United States between 2004 and 2016, the report notes, and in 2017, more than 90% of the 60,000 vector-borne diseases in the United States were linked to these particular bloodsucking bugs.

报告指出,从2004年到2016年,美国的细菌和原生动物蜱传疾病增加了一倍,而在2017年,美国6万种虫媒传播疾病中,超过90%与这些寄生臭虫有关。

孤星蜱可能很快就会占领你的后院

The warmer temperatures brought by the climate crisis, in addition to ecological changes and reforestation, have extended the bugs' range into regions that had not seen certain types of ticks for many decades, if ever. And the report published in the New England Journal of Medicine Tuesday warns that we should be "bracing for the worst."

气候危机带来的气温升高,再加上生态变化和植树造林,使得这些虫子的活动范围扩大到了几十年来从未见过某些类型蜱虫的地区,如果曾经有过的话。星期二发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的报告警告说,我们应该“做好最坏的打算”。

The lone star tick, a tick distinguished by a white dot -- a "lone star" -- on the back of the female of the species, had been commonly found in the South. Global warming has made more regions tick-friendly. Now it also lives in the Upper Midwest, in the Northeast, and has even moved into eastern Canada.

孤星蜱(lone star tick)是一种蜱,其特征是雌蜱背上有一个白点,被称为“孤星”(lone star),在南方很常见。全球变暖使得更多的地区变得适应蜱虫(生活)。现在它也生活在中西部北部,在东北部,甚至已经移动到加拿大东部。

Warmer temperatures may also extend their "active season," researchers said, and make them much more abundant.

研究人员说,温度升高还可能延长它们的“活跃季节”,使它们更加丰富。

The good news -- if there is good news when it comes to ticks -- is that lone star ticks don't carry Borrelia burgdorferi, the main bacteria that causes Lyme disease. But they do carry the bacteria that causes southern tick-associated rash illness, or STARI, a rash similar to Lyme disease that also comes with fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pains. While doctors know to watch for Lyme disease, STARI has been less common and is often misdiagnosed, the report said.

好消息是,如果有关于蜱虫的好消息,那就是孤星蜱并不携带引起莱姆病的主要细菌——伯氏疏螺旋体。但它们确实携带了导致南方蜱虫相关皮疹病(STARI)的细菌,STARI是一种类似莱姆病的皮疹,还伴有发烧、疲劳、头痛和肌肉疼痛。报告称,虽然医生知道要注意莱姆病,但STARI不太常见,而且经常被误诊。

The lone star ticks also cause tularemia, known as rabbit or deer fly fever, a rare infectious disease that attacks the skin, lymph nodes and eyes; ehrlichiosis, a bacterial infection that can cause flu-like symptoms; Heartland virus disease, a virus that can also cause flu-like symptoms and often leads to hospitalization or even death; and alpha-gal syndrome, also known as red meat allergy.

孤星蜱还会引起兔热病或鹿蝇热,这是一种罕见的传染病,会侵袭皮肤、淋巴结和眼睛;埃立克体病是一种细菌性感染可引起流感样症状;中心地带病毒病,这种病毒也会引起类似流感的症状,经常导致住院甚至死亡;以及阿尔法-半乳糖综合征,也被称为红肉过敏。

And these ticks are "aggressive," according to Richard Ostfeld, a disease ecologist with the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies who studies Lyme and other tick-borne diseases.

加里生态系统研究所的疾病生态学家理查德·奥斯菲尔德表示,这些蜱虫具有“侵略性”,奥斯菲尔德研究莱姆病和其他蜱传疾病。

孤星蜱可能很快就会占领你的后院

" 'Aggressive' is a weird word to use with ticks, but they actually chase you and are very different from our wimpy black-legged ticks, the ones that have brought us Lyme disease. Those are slow, deliberate crawlers, who would have a hard time making it across my desk in half a day," Ostfeld said. "Lone star ticks can detect you and they basically run after you. They are really upsetting. It feels like they are hunting you.

“‘侵略性’这个词用在蜱虫身上很奇怪,但它们实际上是在追赶你,与我们身上那些给我们带来莱姆病的懦弱的黑腿蜱非常不同。那些都是慢吞吞、不慌不忙的家伙,他们很难在半天内爬过我的办公桌。”奥斯菲尔德说。“孤星蜱能发现你,它们基本上会跟着你跑。它们真的令人头大。感觉就像它们在追捕你。

"Well actually, it doesn't just feel like that. They are hunting you."

“嗯,实际上,并不只是感觉如此。他们确实在追捕你。”

He said it's good to raise awareness about the problem now -- he only wishes it went further to encourage public health leaders to be more proactive. Instead of just surveilling the diseasesticks cause, as the report suggests, he hopes governments will invest in more tick research and create a surveillance program for this tick and for others.

他说,现在提高人们对这一问题的认识是有益的,他只希望能进一步鼓励公共卫生领导人更加积极主动。他希望各国政府能投资更多的蜱虫研究,并为这种蜱虫和其他蜱虫建立一个监控项目,而不是像报告所建议的那样,仅仅调查蜱虫引起的疾病。


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