根据NASA和NOAA的数据，2019年是有记录以来第二热的一年

根据NASA和NOAA的数据，2019年是有记录以来第二热的一年

Last year was the second hottest on record globally, according to the latest climate data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA.

根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局和美国国家航空航天局收集的最新气候数据，去年是有记录以来全球第二热的一年。

It's the latest confirmation that the Earth is steadily getting hotter — the planet has already warmed about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (or almost 1 degree Celsius) compared with in the mid-20th century — and that robust greenhouse gas emissions are causing global warming to continue unabated.

这是最新的证据，表明地球正在稳步变暖——与20世纪中期相比，地球已经变暖了1.8华氏度(或几乎1摄氏度)——而温室气体的大量排放正导致全球变暖持续不减。

"The fact is that the planet is warming, and every year, we add one extra data point to this graph," says Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Ranking years based on their average temperature might grab headlines, he notes, but "the main thing here is not really the ranking, but is the consistency of the long-term trends that we're seeing."

NASA戈达德太空研究所所长加文·施密特说:“事实是地球正在变暖，每年我们都会在这张图表上增加一个额外的数据点。”他指出，根据平均气温对年份进行排名可能会成为头条新闻，但“这里的主要问题并不是排名，而是我们所看到的长期趋势的一致性。”

That trend goes back decades, with each decade warmer than the one before it. And that will likely continue in the 2020s.

这一趋势可以追溯到几十年前，每十年气温都比前十年高。这种情况很可能在本世纪20年代继续下去。

"I would say, notwithstanding some sort of major, major geophysical event, it would be almost certain that the [coming] decade will be warmer than the previous," says Deke Arndt, the chief of climate monitoring for NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家环境信息中心的气候监测主任德克·阿恩特说:“我想说，尽管发生了一些重大的地球物理事件，但几乎可以肯定的是，未来十年将比过去十年更热。”

That means the planet is on track to blow past the temperature targets set by the Paris Agreement, which is meant to help countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change.

这意味着，地球的温度将超过《巴黎协定》设定的目标。《巴黎协定》旨在帮助各国减少温室气体排放，适应气候变化的影响。

The 2015 agreement set a target of limiting global warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial levels. A later report by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) would be catastrophic for millions of people.

2015年的协议设定了一个目标，与工业化前的水平相比，将全球变暖控制在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以内。联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会后来的一份报告警告说，1.5摄氏度(2.7华氏度)的变暖对数百万人来说将是灾难性的。

Schmidt of NASA says data about the past can help humans understand the path that societies are currently on.

美国国家航空航天局的施密特说，有关过去的数据可以帮助人类了解社会目前所走的道路。

"The warming up until now since the 1970s has been quite close to linear," he explains, so "you'd imagine we'd cross 1.5 [degrees Celsius] in around 2035. But of course that depends on what we do with emissions."

“自20世纪70年代至今，全球变暖一直接近线性，”他解释道，因此“你可以想象，到2035年左右，全球气温将突破1.5摄氏度。”但当然，这取决于我们如何处理排放。”

The 2019 data also confirm that different regions of Earth are being affected by global climate change in different ways.

2019年的数据还证实，地球不同地区正以不同方式受到全球气候变化的影响。

The Arctic is warming three times faster than the rest of the planet, and shrinking sea ice is contributing to a vicious cycle: As the ice retreats, the newly exposed water helps make the region warmer, and as the region gets warmer, the sea ice retreats more.

北极地区变暖的速度是地球其他地区的三倍，而海冰的减少正导致一个恶性循环:当冰消退时，新暴露出来的水有助于使该地区变暖，而当该地区变暖时，海冰消退得更多。

In the continental United States, warmer average temperatures have been affecting weather patterns. Overnight temperatures are rising more rapidly than daytime temperatures, which can reduce yields for farmers and be dangerous for public healthbecause it exacerbates existing illnesses and doesn't give bodies a chance to cool down.

在美国大陆，平均气温的升高一直影响着天气模式。夜间气温的上升速度比白天要快，这可能会降低农民的产量，对公众健康也有危险，因为这会加剧现有疾病，让身体没有机会降温。

Rain patterns have also changed in much of the country.

全国大部分地区的降雨模式也发生了变化。