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冠状病毒来临之际:你需要知道什么

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2020年01月22日

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Coronavirus time: what do you need to know

冠状病毒来临之际:你需要知道什么

A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 200 people since the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.

中国一种新的冠状病毒与SARS病毒是同一个科,自去年12月在中国武汉爆发以来,已经感染了200多人。科学家李波是第一个破译病毒的人,他认为病毒可能是从动物身上开始传播到人类身上的。

"What we know is it causes pneumonia and then doesn't respond to antibiotic treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality, SARS kills 10% of the individuals," Poon, a virologist at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.

香港大学公共卫生学院病毒学家波说:“我们所知道的是,非典会导致肺炎,然后对抗生素治疗没有反应,这并不奇怪,但就死亡率而言,SARS导致10%的个人死亡。”

The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.

世界卫生组织向各国提供了如何做好准备的指导,包括如何监测病人和如何治疗病人。

Here are several things you should know about a coronavirus.

下面是关于冠状病毒你应该知道的几件事。

What is a coronavirus

什么是冠状病毒

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

冠状病毒是一种常见的动物病毒。据美国疾病控制与预防中心称,在极少数情况下,它们是科学家所说的人畜共患疾病,这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

Coronavirus symptoms

冠状病毒症状

The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness, similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.

这些病毒可以使人生病,通常是轻度到中度上呼吸道疾病,类似于普通感冒。冠状病毒的症状包括流鼻涕,咳嗽,喉咙痛,可能是头痛,也可能是发烧,这些症状会持续几天。

For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis.

对于那些免疫系统较弱的人,老年人和幼儿,这种病毒有可能导致更严重的呼吸道疾病,如肺炎或支气管炎。

There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.

已知有几种人类冠状病毒是致命的。

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.

中东呼吸综合征(简称MERS病毒)于2012年在中东首次被发现,它也会导致呼吸系统疾病,但这些症状要严重得多。美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示,每10名MERS患者中就有3至4人死亡。

How it spreads

它是如何传播的

Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats were to blame.

病毒可通过与动物接触而传播。据世界卫生组织称,科学家认为MERS起源于骆驼。至于非典,科学家怀疑是麝香猫造成的。

When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions.

当病毒在人与人之间传播时,通常是当人接触到感染者的分泌物时。

冠状病毒来临之际:你需要知道什么

Coronavirus treatment

冠状病毒的治疗

There is no specific treatment. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own.

没有特定的治疗方法。大多数情况下,症状会自行消失。

Doctors can relieve symptoms by prescribing a pain or fever medication. The CDC says a room humidifier or a hot shower can help with a sore throat or cough.

医生可以通过开痛或发烧药物来缓解症状。疾控中心说,一个房间的加湿器或热水澡可以帮助喉咙痛或咳嗽。

Drink plenty of fluids, get rest and sleep as much as possible.

多喝水,尽量休息和睡眠。

If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.

如果症状比普通感冒更严重,就去看医生。

How can you can prevent it

你怎样才能预防它呢

There is no vaccine to protect against this family of viruses, at least not yet. Trials for a MERS vaccine are underway.

目前还没有针对这类病毒的疫苗,至少目前还没有。中东呼吸综合征疫苗的试验正在进行中。

You may be able to reduce your risk of infection by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.

你可以通过避免接触病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂和水洗手,至少20秒。

Coronavirus and pregnancy

冠状病毒和怀孕

In pregnant women, the more severe versions of MERS and SARS coronaviruses can be serious. There are cases in which a woman infected with MERS had a stillbirth, a 2014 study showed.

在孕妇中,更严重的中东呼吸综合征和SARS冠状病毒可能是严重的。2014年的一项研究显示,在一些病例中,一名感染了中东呼吸综合征的妇女曾死于难产。


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