英语阅读 学英语,练听力,上听力课堂! 注册 登录
> 轻松阅读 > 双语阅读 >  内容

世卫组织知道胰岛素太贵了。它计划如何压低价格

所属教程:双语阅读

浏览:

2020年02月18日

手机版
扫描二维码方便学习和分享
The WHO Knows Insulin Is Too Expensive. How It Plans To Drive Down The Price

世卫组织知道胰岛素太贵了。它计划如何压低价格

Johnpeter Mwolo was 15 when he was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.

约翰·彼得·姆瓦洛15岁时被诊断出患有1型糖尿病。

His body, unable to produce the hormone critical for regulating blood sugar, would now rely on manufactured insulin. He learned to give himself the treatment — four injections a day.

他的身体无法产生调节血糖的关键激素,现在只能依靠人工制造的胰岛素。他学会了给自己治疗——一天四针。

But as he was growing up in Tanzania, insulin was expensive and not always available. Mwolo resorted to rationing his insulin, sharing a vial with his cousin, who also had Type 1 diabetes. "It was one vial to two people," he says. "Many of the necessities that we are supposed to have are not there."

但由于他在坦桑尼亚长大,胰岛素价格昂贵,而且并不总是可以买到。姆瓦洛依靠于定量配给他的胰岛素,与他的堂兄共用一瓶,他的堂兄也患有1型糖尿病。“两个人用一瓶,”他说。“我们应该拥有的许多必需品都不在那里。”

世卫组织知道胰岛素太贵了。它计划如何压低价格

It's a global problem that the World Health Organization is now working to address. In November, the WHO launched a pilot program to boost the availability of insulin worldwide. The idea is to work with insulin manufacturers to increase the global supply — and in the process, potentially drive down the price of the treatment. Since then, seven pharmaceutical companies have shown interest in participating in the program.

这是世界卫生组织正在努力解决的一个全球性问题。去年11月,世界卫生组织启动了一项试点计划,以提高全球胰岛素的可获得性。他们的想法是与胰岛素制造商合作,增加全球供应量——在这个过程中,可能会降低治疗的价格。从那时起,已有七家制药公司表示有兴趣参与这个项目。

"The simple fact is, that the prevalence of diabetes is growing, the amount of insulin available to treat diabetes is too low, the prices are too high, so we need to do something," said Emer Cooke, the head of regulation of medicines and health technologies for the WHO, in a statement.

世卫组织药品和卫生技术监管负责人埃默尔·库克在一份声明中说,“简单的事实是,糖尿病的患病率正在上升,可用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素数量太低,价格太高,所以我们需要做点什么,”世卫组织药品和卫生技术监管负责人埃默尔·库克在一份声明中说。

Insulin is one of the world's essential medicines. For Type 1 diabetes patients, insulin is a rare example of a medication that's absolutely necessary to live. Without insulin, sugar in the blood accumulates, which can lead to acute life-threatening complications, such as nerve damage or eye damage and, in the worst case, death.

胰岛素是世界上最基本的药物之一。对于1型糖尿病患者来说,胰岛素是一种罕见的药物,它是生存所必需的。如果没有胰岛素,血液中的糖就会积累,这会导致严重的危及生命的并发症,如神经损伤或眼睛损伤,在最坏的情况下,还会导致死亡。

However, 50% of the estimated 100 million people who are in need of insulin globally do not have reliable access, meaning either they can't afford insulin or it's not available. This is according to a 2017 study led by Health Action International, an independent research group.

然而,全球大约有1亿人需要胰岛素,其中50%没有可靠的途径,这意味着他们要么买不起胰岛素,要么得不到。这是根据独立研究机构“国际健康行动”在2017年牵头的一项研究得出的结论。

The price of insulin is especially prohibitive in the developing world, where diabetes is growing rapidly — and governments are struggling to afford the medication to supply hospitals and pharmacies. A 2010 study in Lancet found that 10% of Mozambique's expenditure on medications was for insulin.

在发展中国家,胰岛素的价格尤其高得令人望而却步,因为那里的糖尿病患者正在迅速增长,而各国政府正努力负担起向医院和药房提供的药物。《柳叶刀》杂志2010年的一项研究发现,莫桑比克10%的药物支出是用于胰岛素。

These costs are often passed on to consumers, who also struggle to pay for the treatment. A WHO survey of 24 mostly low- and middle-income countries found that a month's supply of insulin costs more than a fifth of take-home pay for a worker in Accra, Ghana.

这些费用通常会转嫁到消费者身上,他们也很难支付治疗费用。世卫组织对24个国家(主要是低收入和中等收入国家)的调查发现,在加纳的阿克拉,一个月的胰岛素供应要花掉一名工人实际工资的五分之一以上。

Globally, the list price for insulin varies by country — and limited market competition keeps the prices high, according to Médecins Sans Frontières, which has been campaigning to improve access to the treatment.

无国界医生组织表示,在全球范围内,胰岛素的标价因国家而异,有限的市场竞争使价格居高不下。无国界医生组织一直在努力改善胰岛素治疗的可及性。

"You have the three big pharmaceutical companies that dominate the global insulin market, which is unprecedented when you look at how medicine markets work around the world," says Christa Cepuch, a regional pharmacist for MSF.

无国界医生组织的地区药剂师克里斯塔·塞普赫表示:“有三大制药公司主导着全球胰岛素市场,当你看看世界各地的药品市场是如何运作的时候,这是史无前例的。”

The top insulin manufacturers are Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. Together, they control 96% of insulin by volume worldwide — and can choose to raise prices when they want to. In the U.S., for example, the list price of a 10-mL vial of Humalog, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, went from $35 in 2001 to about $275 per vial in 2017.

最大的胰岛素制造商是礼来公司、诺和诺德和赛诺菲。他们加在一起,控制着全球96%的胰岛素-并且可以在他们想要的时候选择提价。例如,在美国,由礼来公司生产的一瓶10毫升的Humalog的标价从2001年的每瓶35美元上涨到2017年的每瓶约275美元。

The WHO's pilot program is designed to put non-brand versions of insulin on the market — geared toward the developing world. It centers on a process called "prequalification," which the WHO developed in 2001. It's a system that allows drug manufacturers to get a stamp of approval from the WHO.

世卫组织的试点计划旨在将非品牌版本的胰岛素推向市场-面向发展中国家。它的中心是世卫组织在2001年制定的一项名为“资格预审”的程序。这是一个允许药品制造商获得世卫组织批准的系统。


用户搜索

疯狂英语 英语语法 新概念英语 走遍美国 四级听力 英语音标 英语入门 发音 美语 四级 新东方 七年级 赖世雄 zero是什么意思惠州市花千树6期英语学习交流群

网站推荐

英语翻译英语应急口语8000句听歌学英语英语学习方法

  • 频道推荐
  • |
  • 全站推荐
  • 推荐下载
  • 网站推荐