野火使得农场工人无法呼吸

野火使得农场工人无法呼吸

Before massive wildfires broke out in California, farmworkers already had to take extra precautions for COVID-19. Now they must worry about dangerous air from wildfires. In this photo, farmworkers arrive early in the morning to begin harvesting on April 28 in Greenfield, Calif.

在加州发生大规模野火之前，农场工人已经对COVID-19采取了额外的预防措施。现在他们必须担心来自野火的危险空气。在这张照片中，4月28日，加利福尼亚州格林菲尔德，农场工人一大早就来到这里开始收割。

Farmworkers in California are facing two crises at once: the coronavirus and exposure to dangerous air from wildfires.

加州的农场工人同时面临着两个危机:冠状病毒和野火带来的危险空气。

Massive fires border large swaths of California's agriculture region, the Central Valley. Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the interior of the state.

大面积的大火包围着加州的农业区，中央山谷。监测站报告说整个州的内部空气不健康。

"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe," says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.

加州农场工人基金会执行董事赫尔南•赫尔南德斯说:“在地里干活，就好像你无法呼吸。”

California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, a labor union found farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.

加州要求，如果空气质量达到一定临界值，雇主必须为户外工作人员提供N95口罩等呼吸防护。在上个月进行的一项全州范围的调查中，一个工会发现，大多数农场工人都得不到这些防护物品。但在华氏110度(约43.3摄氏度)的情况下戴口罩也不容易。

About half, or more, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.

在美国，大约一半或更多的农场工人是非法移民。他们享受不到很多政府福利，不能失去工作，可能也不愿控诉。

Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on All Things Considered about the threats facing farmworkers.

以下是萨沙·法伊弗对赫尔南德斯的采访节选，内容包括农场工人面临的各种威胁。

I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.

我知道你听说雇主并不总是提供口罩。

Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.

是的。没有足够的个人防护装备(简称PPE)来维持加州现有的农业劳动力。所以我们在现场看到的是，每个人都在试图获得他们所能得到的任何东西。在州一级，在过去的几周内，PPE已经开始发放，我们离确保农场工人及其家庭安全的要求还差得很远。

What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health?

关于农场工人面临的困境和选择，你从他们那里听到了什么，特别是如果他们失去工作他们如何保护自己的健康?

When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, "How can the state help you during these difficult times?" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.

当你看着农场工人，问他们:“在这些困难时期，国家怎么能帮助你?”他们会告诉你的第一件事就是减免租金。中央山谷，沿海地区，加州的每一个地方，都有住房危机。你可以从那些家庭中有两到三个家庭的农场工人身上看到这一点，因为他们付不起房租。

California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?

加州确实为非法移民提供了一些流行病援助——大约在5月份提供了1.25亿美元。这些钱是不是给了农场工人并在这段时间里帮助了他们?

Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.

是的，这是一个非常微小的队伍，实际上得到了加州的援助，因为仅仅在中央山谷我们就有超过50万的农场工人。对中央山谷的援助上限是1万名无证工人，所以这不只是包括农场工人，它包括在零售业工作，在餐馆工作，在建筑业工作的任何类型的无证工人，所以非常微小的队伍实际上有机会得到那500美元。