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公司财务之 现金流 Cash Flow

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2020年08月30日

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公司财务之 现金流 Cash Flow

开创和经营一项业务需要大量投资(huge investment)时间和金钱。如何让资金源源不断地流入是一个要交不少“学费”才能掌握的课题。现金流量就是企业在一定时期内现金和现金等价物的流入和流出数量。现金流量的管理是确保企业生存和发展,提高企业市场竞争力的重要保证。

设立紧急备用金(emergency fund)

总会有一些预料不到的问题出现(unexpected problems),例如设备故障、货物供应或员工编制出现问题。有的人会从要交的税款中先提取一部分,有的甚至通过一个短期债务(short term loan)来解决问题,但这些无论如何都是要还的,而且还会有额外费用(at a premium)。提前准备一笔紧急备用金就可以化解这些难题。

⊙Is the copy machine broken again?Last month we spent over$200 trying to get it in working condition. Good thing we've budgeted for it.

复印机又坏了吗?上个月我们花了200美元才修好。好在我们对此有预算。

⊙Can we take some money from petty cash to deal with it?

能支取零用现金来修理吗?

⊙Use the emergency fund.That's what it's there for.使用紧急备用金,它就是用在这个地方的。

⊙What are you going to do with the extra$2000 in profit this month?Put it in the emergency fund?

这个月多出来的2000美元利润你打算怎么用?作为紧急备用金吗?

量入为出(be sensitive to the needs of your business)

根据经营状况调整开支(adjust your expenditures accordingly)。当销售额蒸蒸日上时,你可以考虑将一部分盈余的现金投资到生意中;如果盈利有限,那采购时就应当货比三家(shop around),找最优惠的或者批量折扣(bulk discounts),而且充分利用库存资源(a good inventory)。

⊙What's our cash in compared to our cash out?我们的现金流入和流出的对比情况如何?

⊙We need to focus on improving cash flow management.我们得着重提高现金流管理。

⊙Sales are up this quarter.Let's see what kind of savings we can get by reinvesting the extra back into the business.

这个季度销售额增长了。让我们看看将额外收益再投资能得到多少结余。

⊙What's our inventory look like these days?.

我们目前的库存情况如何?

⊙Do we really need to make this order now?Or can we wait until next month when we have more money in the bank?

我们真的一定要做这个订购吗?或者我们可以等到下周我们账上有更多钱的时候?

⊙Taking into consideration our profit this month, we'd better keep more of our money liquid.

考虑到这个月的盈利,我们应当保留更多的流动资金。

减少开支(reduce expenses)

额外开支是造成成本增加的间接费用。你应当注意在各个环节上削减额外开支(overhead expenditures)。例如,时常监督供货商的价格是否是最具竞争性的,留意(keep an eye on)办公耗损是否超额,联系电话公司或电力公司看是否有新折扣。这里省一些,那里省一点,不经意间你的现金流状况就好多了。

⊙Our outgoings this month are too excessive.我们这个月的支出太多了。

⊙We ought to work on ways to trim the fat.我们应当想办法减肥。

⊙My mantra is“reduce expenses, increase profits.”我的箴言是:“减少花费就是增加收益。”

⊙Our bottom line isn't doing so well.

我们在底线控制上做得不够好。

⊙I'm enlisting all of your help in cutting back on office waste.我想请你帮我减少公司浪费。

⊙Is there any way we can get a better deal on our electric bill?有没有办法能够在电费上得到更好的优惠?

⊙Waste not, want not.

少浪费就少匮乏。

⊙Can you offer us a better discount?

你能否给我们一个更好的折扣?

价格再衡量(reevaluate pricing)

价格轻微上调通常情况下是可以被消费者接受的(be accepted)。但并不能因为财政紧张就大幅提价(hike your prices),这样会造成客户的流失。即便是再降价,客户也很难回头。最好是保持和竞争对手相接近的(stay close to)价位。好的现金流取决于对价位和调整时间的判断。

A:That will be$9. 95.

B:That seems to be more than last time. Have your prices changed?

A:Yes, M'am. Due to increasing material fees, we've had to increase our price by 25 cents.

A:那是9.95美元。

B:看上去比上次要高。你们的价格调整了吗?

A:是的,女士。由于原材料费用上涨,我们不得不把价格提高了25美分。

总结

好的现金流管理能够实现现金流入和流出之间的平衡。通过了解你的现金从哪里来又去了哪里,你就能明智地判断哪些花费过多,做到有重点地花钱。无论是设立备用资金还是量入为出、减少开支,都能为资金流争取更多的自由度。生意就像自己的孩子,资金流就是牛奶,营养充足时企业才能茁壮成长。

Words 单词表

enlist争取,谋求(帮助,支持或参与)

expense开支,经费,费用

excessive过度的,过分的

extra额外的,外加的

increase增加

inventory库存,存货

management经营管理,管理者

mantra箴言

outgoing支出,开销

proactive主动的,主动积极的

reduce减少,缩减

reinvest再投资

saving储蓄,节省款项

sundry各式各样的

Phrases 短语表

bottom line底线,账本底线

budget for sth某物的预算

cash in现金流入

cash out现金流出

company resource公司资源

be compared with……与……相比较

cut back on削减,减少

Every little bit helps.积少钱,办大事。

focus on集中于,聚集

have……on hand手头上,在手边

liquid(assets)流动(资产)

money in the bank银行有钱,有存款的

petty cash小额备用现金,零用现金

sundry items各式用品

take sth into consideration考虑某事

trim the fat去脂,减少开支

waste not, want not不浪费则不匮乏

实景对话1

A:We've got to come up with a plan to increase cash flow. Our bottom line isn't doing so well. Our outgoings this month are too excessive.We ought to work on ways to trim the fat.

B:What's our cash in compared to our cash out?Where does all the money go?

A:I've been asking the same questions. The only thing I know is that our cash out is almost the same as cash in, which is bad news for business. We need to focus on improving cash flow management.

B:Well, my mantra is“reduce expenses, increase profits”. Let's see what I can do to help you come up with some ideas to improve your bottom line. For example, sales are up this quarter.Let's see what kind of savings we can get by reinvesting the extra back into the business.

A:I don't know……Taking into consideration our profit this month, we'd better keep more of our money liquid.

B:Well, here's another way. What's our inventory look like these days?If we have enough supplies on hand to do business, then maybe we can save money by making fewer purchases for overhead. We can ask ourselves:do we really need to make this order now?Or can we wait until next month when we have more money in the bank?

A:Well, that's a good suggestion.

B:Waste not, want not.

A:我们得提出一个增加现金流的规划了。我们在底线控制上做得不够好,这个月开支过多,我们应当想办法减肥了。

B:我们的现金流入和流出的对比情况如何?钱都跑哪里去了?

A:我也问同样的问题。我唯一知道的就是我们的现金流出和流入几乎一样多,在生意上这可并不好。我们得着重提高现金流管理。

B:那,我的箴言是:“少花费则多增益。”让我看看能帮你想出什么办法来改善底线控制,比方说这个季度销售额上涨,让我们看看将额外收益再投资能得到多少结余。

A:我不知道……考虑到这个月的盈利,我们应当保留更多的流动资金。

B:那还有一个办法。我们目前的库存如何?如果我们手上有足够的供货,那就可以通过少采购来省钱。我们可以问自己,我们现在真的一定要订这批货吗?或者我们可以等到下个月账上有更多钱的时候?

A:那倒是个好建议。

B:少浪费就少匮乏。

实景对话2

A:Is the copy machine broken again?Last month we spent over$200 trying to get it in working condition. Good thing we've budgeted for it.

B:Can we take some money from petty cash to deal with it?

A:Use the emergency fund. That's what it's there for.I wish you guys would be more proactive in saving company resources. In fact, I want to enlist all of your help in cutting back on office waste.

B:What do you mean?

A:Using no more sundry items than you need, conserving electricity, thinking twice about spending company money.

B:Okay, boss.You got it.

A:While we're at it, why don't you call the power company?Find out if there is any way we can get a better deal on our electric bill.

B:Are you serious?

A:Every little bit helps.

A:复印机又坏了吗?上个月我们花了200美元才修好。好在我们对此有预算。

B:能支取零用现金来修理吗?

A:用紧急资金吧,它就是用在这方面的。我希望你们各位能更加积极主动地节省公司资源。我想请各位帮忙减少公司浪费。

B:你是指什么?

A:办公用品用多少拿多少、节约用电,在花公司的钱之前三思而行。

B:好的,老板。你真有办法。

A:既然说到这儿了,为什么你不打电话给电力公司,看看在我们的电费单上有没有优惠。

B:你当真吗?

A:积小钱,办大事嘛。


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