英语六级考试——写作真题选析之对立观点型

一、对立观点型

(一)题型描述

　　 此类作文一般为三点提纲(个别为两点提纲),分别要求陈述对某一个有争议的话题的正面观点和(或)反面观点及作者自己的观点。属于这一类的真题包括2011年6月、2010年12月、2009年12月、2009年6月、2008年6月、2007年6月、2000年6月、1999年6月、1998年6月、1997年6月、1996年1月、1995年6月和1993年6月的真题。

　　 虽然2011年12月至2013年12月没有考查这一题型,但作为雅思、托福、GRE等考试的写作主要题型之一以及六级历史上考查频率最高的题型,绝对不会退出六级写作考试的舞台,必须防范。

(二)真题示例

　　 2009年6月真题

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.有人说名字(或名称)很重要

　　 2.也有人觉得名字(或名称)无关紧要

　　 3.我认为……

(三)整体构思

　　 2009年6月真题的提纲已经有非常明确的三点,可以按顺序写成三段,也可以先写一段引言,共写成四段,即:

　　 · 引言段

　　 · 正面观点

　　 · 反面观点

　　 ·我的观点

(四)分段写作

　　 第一段

　　 第一段的功能是引出话题,并综述一下人们有不同观点。这样既能增加文章词数,减轻后面段落的负担,又能使文章行文自然,不至于使读者感到太突兀。

　　 第二段

　　 本段写正面观点和论据。按照前文所述,英语段落往往采取先总后分或先观点后例证的写法,而且这样写便于阅卷人在短时间内确信考生写到了规定要点,因此可以直接将第一点提纲翻译出来,作为段落的开头句,后面分开陈述论据。

　　 第三段

　　 写反面的观点和论据。同样采用先观点后论据的写法。

　　 第四段

　　 自己的观点可以有多种写法,要么完全赞成,要么完全反对,要么采取折中立场。如果完全赞成或反对,在阐述论据时可以补充前两段所未提及的论据,如:Personally,I am inclined to agree with the former/latter.Apart from the reasons listed above,I believe that...。也可以对已提过的原因进行重复或强化,并且可以对反方的论据进行驳斥。如果确实认为正反双方观点都有一定正确性,则可以采取折中的立场。

(五)高分模板

　　 其实,通过这篇文章的写作可以总结出大部分“对立观点型”作文的模板,即下文中画线的部分:

　　 On the Importance of a Name

　　 There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.People's opinions differ considerably on this issue.

　　 Some hold the positive view.They claim that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.

　　 Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person with a “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates.In the same way,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.

　　 Personally,I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view.Names are of little importance for a person's success or happiness.We can think of a number of people who have “good” names turning out to be bad guys or losers in both history and reality.On the contrary,one can also easily come up with instances of many great men who have ordinary names.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 或:Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent.On the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person's fate.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 译文

　　 论名字的重要性

　　 无可否认,名字是否重要是个有争议的话题。在这个问题上人们的意见差别很大。

　　 一些人持正面看法。他们说,好的名字,或是很容易被记住的名字,可以给一个人带来比别人多得多的机会。一些中国人还可能认为,按照传统的五行理论起的名字可以带来好运。

　　 另一些人则持相反的看法。他们说名字只是一个区分彼此的代号。 一个有“好”名字的人不一定像名字所暗示的那么成功。同样道理,名字一般或者随随便便起名字的人也可以取得很大的成功。

　　 就个人而言,我倾向于赞同后者的观点。名字对一个人的成功或幸福来说没有太大的重要性。我们可以想到很多人,他们的名字很“好”但最后却成了坏人或失败者。相反,我们也可以很容易想到很多伟人名字很普通的例子。不管怎么说,一个人的成功主要取决于工作努力和好的个性。

　　 或:就个人而言,我认为双方都有一定道理,我们不应该走极端。一方面,我们必须承认,设计得好的名字可以在一定程度上帮助一个人。另一方面,我们也不应夸大名字对人的命运的影响。不管怎么说,一个人的成功主要取决于工作努力和好的个性。

(六)学以致用

　　 套用上面这一模板就可以轻松地写出更多与这篇真题作文相似的文章,如:

　　 2010年12月真题

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.目前高校排名相当盛行

　　 2.对这种做法人们看法不一

　　 3.我认为……

　　 范文

　　 My View on University Ranking

　　 There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether it is a good thing for some individuals or organizations to rank universities.People's opinions differ considerably on this issue.

　　 Some hold the positive view.They claim that ranking universities can help high school graduates make a sound choice when enrolling in a university or college.Besides,this practice can help promote the level of higher education as a whole in that many universities will exert efforts to elevate their position.

　　 Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that the result of ranking is not always credible,for many individuals or institutions do it merely for the purpose of collecting money.Furthermore,some universities overemphasize the result of ranking and waste large amounts of resources.

　　 Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,it must be admitted that ranking is an effective means to encourage universities or colleges to compete with one another and improve their work.On the other hand,it should not be conducted or used in the wrong way.

　　 译文

　　 我对高校排名的看法

　　 不可否认,“个人或机构给大学排名是不是好事”是一个有争议的话题。在这个问题上人们的意见有明显的分歧。

　　 一些人持正面看法。他们说给高校排名可以帮助高中生在报考大学时作出合理的选择。另外,这一做法有助于提高高等教育的整体水平,因为很多大学会努力提升它们的名次。

　　 另一些人则持相反的看法。他们认为,排名的结果并不总是可信的,因为很多个人和机构排名的目的仅仅是敛财。而且,一些大学过于强调排名的结果,故而浪费了大量的资源。

　　 就个人而言,我认为,双方都有一定道理,我们不应该走极端。一方面,必须承认,排名是一种鼓励大学之间彼此竞争、改善工作的有效方式。另一方面,不应该以错误的方式来进行和利用排名。

(七)模板变脸

　　 其实,好的写法绝不止一种,我们也可以总结出“对立观点型”作文的其他模板,如下面文章中画线的部分:

　　 On the Importance of a Name

　　 The past years have witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of Chinese spend a lot of time and money in getting a good name for their child or company.Opinions on this issue vary from person to person.

　　 Some harbor the favorable attitude.They assert that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also contend that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.

　　 Others,however,think differently.They hold that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person with a “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates.Similarly,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.

　　 As far as I am concerned,I side with the second group of people.Names are of little importance for a person's success or happiness.We can think of a number of people who have “good” names turning out to be bad guys or losers in both history and reality.Conversely,one can also easily come up with instances of many great men who have ordinary names.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 或:As far as I am concerned,I maintain that both views are justifiable to a certain extent,so we should achieve a balance between them.On the one hand,we should admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent;on the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person's fate.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 译文

　　 论名字的重要性

　　 过去几年有一个现象,即越来越多的国人花费很多时间和金钱为自己的孩子或公司取一个好名字。对这个问题的看法因人而异。

　　 一些人持赞成态度。他们说,好的名字,或是很容易被记住的名字,可以给人带来比别人多得多的机会。一些中国人还可能认为,按照传统的五行理论起的名字可以带来好运。

　　 另一些人则持不同看法。他们说名字只是一个区分彼此的代号。 一个人的名字“好”不一定像名字所暗示的那么成功。同样道理,名字一般或者随随便便起名字的人也可以取得很大的成功。

　　 就我而言,我赞同后一种人的看法。名字对一个人的成功或幸福来说没有太大的重要性。我们可以想到很多名字很“好”但最后却成了坏人或失败者的人。相反,我们也可以很容易想到很多伟人名字很普通的例子。不管怎么说,一个人的成功主要取决于工作努力和好的个性。

　　 或:就我而言,我认为,双方观点都有一定道理,我们应该在二者之间做好平衡。一方面,我们必须承认,设计的好的名字可以在一定程度上帮助一个人。另一方面,我们也不应夸大名字对人的命运的影响。不管怎么说,一个人的成功主要取决于工作努力和好的个性。

(八)变脸应用

　　 2009年12月真题

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班

　　 2.对这种做法有人表示支持,也有人并不赞成

　　 3.我认为……

　　 范文

　　 Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?

　　 The past years have witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of parents send their children to art training classes of all kinds.Opinions on this issue vary from person to person.

　　 Some harbor the favorable attitude.They assert that attending art classes can help nurture children's interest or tap their potentials in art.This,they believe,will contribute to a child's comprehensive development.Besides,they contend that mastering artistic skills of one art or two can add to a child's edge of competition in the modern world.

　　 Others,however,think differently.They hold that not all children are interested or talented in art,and a child may not be fond of all forms of art.Forcing them to go to art classes may only restrict their freedom and affect their healthy growth.

　　 As far as I am concerned,I maintain that both views are justifiable to a certain extent,so we should achieve a balance between them.On the one hand,it must be admitted that going to art classes is an effective means to find out children's talent in art and it is conducive to their sound development.On the other hand,parents should not deprive their children of the freedom to choose to learn what they truly like.Remember,the fittest is the best.

　　 译文

　　 父母该不该送孩子去艺术班?

　　 过去几年有一种现象,即越来越多的父母送孩子去各种艺术培训班。对这个问题的看法因人而异。

　　 一些人持赞成态度。他们说,参加艺术班有助于培养孩子的艺术兴趣,开发孩子的艺术潜能。他们认为,这将有利于孩子全面发展。另外,他们还说,掌握一两门艺术技能可以增加孩子在现代社会中的竞争力。

　　 另一些人则持不同看法。他们说并非所有孩子都对艺术感兴趣或有艺术天赋,而且一个孩子不见得对各种艺术形式都感兴趣。强迫他们去上艺术班只能限制他们的自由,影响他们的健康成长。

　　 就我而言,我认为,双方观点都有一定道理,我们应该在二者之间做好平衡。一方面,我们必须承认,上艺术班是一种发现孩子艺术才能的有效方法,也有利于他们的健康发展。另一方面,父母也不应该剥夺孩子学习自己真正喜欢的东西的自由。记住,最适合的才是最好的。