英语专业八级听力tem8-03-04.mp3
2003年专业八级考试真题
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your
coloured answer sheet
SECTION A TALK
Questions I to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the talk.
1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?
A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.
B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.
C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.
D. Office atmosphere influences workers' performance.
2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on your
A. promotion.
B. colleagues.
C. management.
D. union.
3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?
A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.
B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.
C. Contact a consultative committee first.
D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.
4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPT
A. mediation.
B. arbitration.
C. negotiation.
D. representation.
5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?
A. Role of the union.
B. Work relations.
C. Company structure.
D. Office layout.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?
A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.
B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.
C. He received professional training in acting.
D. He came from a single-parent family.
7. David is inclined to believe in
A. aliens.
B. UFOs.
C. the TV character.
D. government conspiracies.
8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his
A. professional training.
B. personality.
C. life experience.
D. appearance.
9. From the interview, we know that at present David feels
A. a sense of frustration.
B. haunted by the unknown things
C. confident but moody.
D. successful yet unsatisfied.
10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?
A. He feels a sense of anger.
B. He has a sense of sadness.
C. It helped him grow up.
D. It left no effect on him.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
11. What is the main idea of the news item?
A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.
B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.
C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.
D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.
Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
12. Some voters will waste their ballots because
A. they like neither candidate.
B. they are all ill-informed.
C. the candidates do not differ much.
D. they do not want to vote twice.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.
Now listen to the news.
13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?
A. Canada.
B. The US.
C. Australia.
D. Scandinavia.
14. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.
A. Britain
B. France
C. Finland
D. Switzerland
15. According to the UN report, the least developed country is
A. Ethiopia.
B. Mali.
C. Sierra Leon.
D. Central African Republic.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but
you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
专业八级 (2003) 答案部分
听力原文
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
When we talk about a modern company, we usually have managers, employees, products, research and development or marketing in mind. However, in reality, a company is not just
made up of these elements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we are going to look at some other aspects of a company. Let’s first take a look
at the offices. The physical surroundings of most modern companies, especially offices are becoming more and more similar. Although there are some differences from country to
country, one office looks much like another. Office furniture and equipment tends to be similar, desks, chairs, filing cabinets, computers, etc. “What is important about
offices?”you may ask, “What the atmosphere of the work place can often influence the effectiveness of a company’s employees?” Modern offices are more spacious and better
laid, heated, ventilated and airconditioned than in the past. But of course, this is the feature that varies from firm to firm, and may be dependant on the size of the company
and its cooperate philosophy. In some comanies, the employees work in large, open-plan offices without walls between the departments; in others, the staff members work more
privately in individual offices. No matter what the office’s law is like, modern companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere
conducive to higher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the work relations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships
with fellow employees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people say the major portion, comes from getting on with others at work. Work
relations were also included those between management and employees. These relations are not always straightforward, particularly as the management’s assessment of how your
performing can be crucial to your future career.
Now I’d like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. There will also be matters about which employees will want to talk to the management.
In small businesses, the boss will probably work alongside his or her workers. Anything that needs to be sorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises.
There will be no formal meetings for procedures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will be between employees and management. Special meetings have to be
held and procedures set up to say when, where, how and what circumstances the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have specially organized consultive committees
for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join a trade union and ask the union to represent them to the management. Through
the union all categories of employees can pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process, through which unions negotiate with management on behalf
of their members is called, collective bargaining. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employees join together and collectively put forward
their views. Occasionally a firm will refuse to recognize the right of a union to negotiate for its members, and its dispute over union recognition will arise. Whether there is
an agreement, bargaining or negotiation will take place. A compromise agreement may be reached. When this is not possible, the sides can go to arbitration and bring in a third
party from outside to say what they think should happen.
However, sometimes one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management can lock out the employees and prevent them from coming to work. This used to be quite
common, but it’s rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union are strike, a ban on working overtime, “working to rule”, that is when employees work
according to the company rule book, “go slows”, which means that employees may spend more time doing the same job, and “picketing”, which means the employees stand outside
the entrance to the business location, hoarding outside to show that they are in conflict with the management. Every country has its own tradition of industrial relations, so it
’s difficult to generalize. In some businesses, unions are not welcomed by the management, but it others, the unions play an important role both in the everyday working
relations of individual companies, and also in the social and political life of the country.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
If you are going to create a TV show that plays week after week, it needs an actor who can play a believer, you know, a person who tends to believe everything. Tonight in
our show we have David Duchovney, who has starred in the popular TV series, “The X•Files”. Thanks to his brilliant performance in the TV series, David has become one of best-
known figures in the country.
Interviewer: Good evening, David, I’m so glad to have you here.
David: It’s my pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on the show.
Interviewer: David, have you often been on the radio shows?
David: Oh, yes, quite often. To be frank, I love to be on the show.
Interviewer: Why?
David: You know, I want to know what people think about the TV series and about me, my acting, etc.
Interviewer: OK, David, let’s first talk about the character you played in ‘The X•Files’. The character, whose name is Mulder is supposed to be a believer. He deals with
those unbelievable, wild and often disastrous events. He must be, I mean, Mulder, someone who really believes in the things he meets in order to keep on probing into those
mysteries.
David: That’s true. Remember those words said by Mulder: What is so hard to believe? Whose intensity makes even a most skeptical viewer believe the paranormal and our
rigorous government consipiracies, without every reason to believe that life in the persistent survey is driving us out of our territorial sphere, etc., etc.?
Interviewer: I believe, I guess, David, your contribution to the hot series is quite aparent. Now let’s talk about your personal experience. From what I have read, I know
that starting from your childhood, you were always a smart boy, went to the best private school, and were accepted at most of the Ivy League colleges. Not bad for a low middle
class kid from a broken family on New York’s Lower Eastside. It’s even more surprising when you, who were on your way to a doctorate at Yale to took a few acting classes and
got beaten by the book.
David: You bet. My mother was really surprised when I decided to give up all that in order to become an actor.
Interviewer: Sure. But talking about Mulder, the believer in ‘The X•Files’, what about you, David? Do you believe at all in real life, the aliens, people from outer space,
you know, UFOs, government conspiracies, all the things that the TV series deal with?
David: Well, government conspiracies, I think, are a little far fetched. Because I mean, it’s very hard for me to keep a secret with a friend of mine. And you can tell me
that the entire government is going to come together and hide the aliens from us? I find that hard to believe. In terms of aliens, I think that they are real. They must be.
Interviewer: So you could believe in aliens?
David: Oh, yeah.
Interviewer: The character you played in ‘The X•Files’, Fox Mulder, is so dark and moody. Are you dark and moody in life?
David: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this hearted, driven person, but not behave that way and therefore be hearted and driven but also
appear to be normal and not crazy at the same time. And I think that I could, I can, I can afford that.
Interviewer: What haunts you now? What drives you now?
David: What drives me is failure and success and all those things, so ...
Interviewer: Where are you now? Are you haunted and driven, failed or successful, which?
David: Yeah, both.
Interviewer: All of the above?
David: I always feel like a failure.
Interviewer: Do you mean now you feel like a failure?
David: Yeah, I mean, sometimes you know, like I come back to New York, so its like, everything is different. So I lie on bed and think, two years ago, three years ago, very
different. Maybe I’m doing well, but then I think, you know there are just so many other things that I want to do and ...
Interviewer: Your father and mother divorced when you were eleven. Does that have effect on your life today that you recognize?
David: Well, yeah, I think that the only way to think of it is that, you know, people are saying ‘your wound is your goal’, you know, ‘wherever you’re hurt, that’s
where you’ll become stronger.’ So, that’s what, that’s what it’s really about ...
Interviewer: OK. It’s time for short break. We’ll be back in a minute. David Duchovney in ‘The X•Files’, don’t go away.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1 (For Question 11)
The Bush administration is warning that continuing mid-east violence threatens to overwhelm US efforts to revise Israeli-Palestinian Peace talks, using the recommendations
of the Mitchell commission to bring the two sides together. The administration officials are openly worried the violence and particularly the car bomb attack injured Isreali
civilians could undermine what they see as a positive opening towards renewed peace talks presented by the Mitchell report. The US appeal came in the week of the bomb blast
Wednesday in Israeli coastal town of Netanya that injured several Israelies. Responsibility for the bombing was claimed by the Palestinian group, Islamic Jihad. At the state
department, sopkesman, Phillip Reeker said there can be no justification for terrorism and targeting its civilians, and he urged the Palestinian authority to do all they can to
put an end to such incidents which is said to threaten to overtake the latest peace efforts.
News Item 2
Voters in Peru head to the post today to cast their ballots in a runoff presidential election that many hope will mark the end of the nation’s political crisis. Opinion
polls last week show the modern candidate Arhumdred Toledo with a narrow lead over a left-leaning former President Ellen Gaceya. Both candidates have campaigned on similar
populous platforms. Meanwhile pre-election Service indicates that up to 25% of voters in Peru plan to spoil or leave their ballots blank to show their dissatisfaction with both
candidates.
News Item 3 (For Questions 13-15)
Canada for the seventh consecutive year ranks the best place to live in the world. But if you are a woman, you are better off in Scandinavia since the UN Human Development
Report (2000) released yesterday. Norway is in second place you know for ranking followed by the United States, Australia, Iceland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands Japan and
Britain. Finland is in eleventh place followed by France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy and New Zealand. At the other end of the scale, the
ten least developed countries that provide the fewest service to their people, from the bottom up, a war-devastated Sierra Leone, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Brandi, Guinean
Bissau, Mozambique, Chad, Central African Republic and Mali.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a physiological topic. Actually it is something psychological.
Abraham Maslov is a psychologist, and he is especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is the need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslov believes that humans are wanting beings, who seek to fulfil a variety of
needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. In
this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological
needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter and sleep. At this level for us humans, Maslov also includes the need for clothing. How are
these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand.
Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then what is emotional security? Well, that may be the point in this hierarchy of needs, where humans begin to
differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries, what we fear may be losing a job, or being struck down by a severe disease. Besides physical Security, we
need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in a forseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslov, safety needs may be satisfied through job
security, health insurance, pension plans and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediate following level are the social needs. Under this category, Maslov puts our
requirements for love and affection and the sense of belonging. We need to be loved, we need to belong to a group not just the family in which we can share with others in common
interest. In Maslov’s view, this need can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the
work place, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the needs of self-esteem and the need of esteem
of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse if no better than others. The esteem of people is
the respect and recognition we gain from other people, by or through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal
achievements, promotion to more resposible jobs, various honors and awards and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs
to become all that we are capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not, perhaps determines whether one can be a
great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a
new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. While for other people, it could be becoming the best in certain areas.
It could be becoming the president of IBM, anyway, being great or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual. Maslov suggested that people work
to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs and so on up the needs ladder. In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain
unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s
physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain Unsatisfied will keep
playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I briefly introduce to you Maslov’s theory. Maslov thinks there are five kinds of human
needs with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you find his ideas interesting and in our next lecture, we will mainly discuss the practical
implications of his theory.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, then please complete the 15-minute gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One. This is the end of Part One.
2003年答案与详解
PAPER ONE
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
1． 答案： B
【问句译文】根据该谈话内容，关于办公室的下列哪一种说法是不正确的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“Let’s first take a look of the offices，the physical surroundings of most modern companies，especially offices are becoming more and more
similar．”可知“全球的办公室基本上是一样的”故可排除选项A；根据听到的“this is the feature that．．．，may be dependent on the size of the company”和“．．．modem companies
pay special attention to the physical surrounding，in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency．”可知，办公环境设置与公司规模有一定联系并影响着工作
人员的办公效率，可排除选项C和D。只有选项B不合题意，故为正确答案。
2． 答案： A
【问句译文】 由谈话可以推知，和谐的工作关系对你的什么产生直接的影响？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由谈话中提到的“．．．particularly as the management’s assessment of how are you performing can be crucial to your future career．”可知，工作表现会直接影响到
未来的事业，故选项A promotion(提升，晋级)为正确答案。
3． 答案： D
【问句译文】 假设你在一家小公司工作，有什么不满时会怎么做？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由谈话中提到的“In small businesses，the boss will probably work along side his／her workers．Anything that needs to be sorted out will be done face to face as
soon as the problem arises．”可知，在小的公司里，有问题应尽快与老板直接面谈。故选项D为正确答案。
4. 答案： B
问句译文：根据该谈话内容，工会在下列哪一方面不起作用？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由谈话中提到的 “When this is not possible，the sides can go to arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen．”可知
，当工会与公司自身不能调节问题时，就会请第三者进行仲裁，所以工会不具备仲裁的职能，故选项B为正确答案。
5. 答案： C
问句译文：谈话不包含下列那一项内容？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】 由谈话可知，其内容先后涉及工作关系（work relations）、工会角色(role of the union)和办公室设置（office layout）。故可分别排除选项A、B、D，正确答案为选项C。
SECTION B INTERVIEW
6． 答案： C
【问句译文】 关于David的个人背景，下列那一种说法是错误的？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由对话中主持人提到的“．．．took a few acting classes．．．”，可知David只是参加了几次表演班，并没有接受过专门的职业培训，故选项C的说法是错误的。
7． 答案： D
【问句译文】 David倾向于相信什么？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 在对话中，David提到“Well，government conspiracies，I think，are a little far fetched．．．”由此可知，他倾向于相信政府阴谋，故选项D为正确答案。
8． 答案： C
【问句译文】 David为何认为他适合电视角色？
【试题分析】 本题为细节推理题。
【详细解答】 在谈到David对电视的贡献时，主持人说“I believe，I guess，David，your contribution to the heat series is quite ability．Now let’s talk about your personal
experience．．．”，由此可知David的个人经验帮助了他的演艺事业的成功。故选项C为正确答案。
9． 答案： A
【问句译文】 由谈话可知，David目前的感觉怎样？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 当主持人问到David的现状时，他回答“I always feel like a failure．”由此可见，他总是有一种“挫败感”，故选项A 为正确答案。
10． 答案： C
【问句译文】 对于父母离婚一事，David的感想是什么？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 在提到父母离婚一事时，David说 “．．．whenever you are hurt，that’s where you’ll become stronger．”由此可见，他认为父母的离异促进了他的成长。故选项C为正确答
案。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1
11． 答案： A
【问句译文】 该新闻的主题是什么？
【试题分析】 本题为综合题。
【详细解答】 新闻的第二句话提到“The administration officials are openly worried the violence ...，could under mine what they see as a positive opening...”，新闻中还多次提
到相关人员担心巴以和平进程，故选项A为正确答案。
News Item 2
12． 答案： A
【问句译文】 为何有些选民会浪费他们的选票？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由新闻中提到的“...plan to spoil or leave their ballots blank to show their dissatisfaction with both candidates．”可知，有些选民对两个候选人都不满意，故选项A
为正确答案。
News Item 3
13． 答案： D
【问句译文】 根据联合国人类发展报告，世上哪儿的妇女的地位最高？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 新闻的第二句话说“But if you are a woman，you are better off in Scandinavia since the UN Human Development(2000) released yesterday．”由此可知，选项D为正确答案
。
14． 答案： B
【问句译文】 哪个国家位居第十二位？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 由新闻中提及的“Finland is the eleventh place followed by France...”可知，法国紧随其后，位居第十二位。答案选B。
15． 答案： C
【问句译文】 根据联合国的报告，最不发达的国家是哪一国？
【试题分析】 本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 新闻的最后一句话提到“．．．from the bottom up war-deviated，Sierra Leone．．．，”由此可知，选项C为正确答案。
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
1. 答案：basic (或 fundamental)
【详细解答】 在谈到Physiological needs时，录音中说“In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level physiological needs”，由此可知，此处应填写basic 或 fundamental。
2. 答案：safety
【详细解答】 当录音中说到“Then what is the next level of needs?”我们就应集中注意力听下文，“ At the next level are safety needs，．．．”由此可知，此处应填写safety。
3. 答案：emotional
【详细解答】 紧接上题，录音解释了safety needs所包含的内容“．．．the things we require for physical and emotional security.”
4. 答案：worries
【详细解答】 根据录音中提到的“We have worries, what we find may lost my job, what we find ．．．”，此处应填写worries。
5. 答案：pension
【详细解答】 在谈到解决safety needs的方法时，录音中说到“．．．safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plan and safe working
conditions.” 故此处应填写pension。
6. 答案：work
【详细解答】 在谈到esteem needs时，录音中说“The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, by or through our work or our achievements and
worth.” 故此处应填写work。
7. 答案：variable
【详细解答】 在谈到self-realization needs时，录音中说“The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual.” 故此处应填写variable。
8. 答案：human
详细解答:由上下文可知，social，esteem and self-realization needs 应该是 human needs。
9. 答案：motivation
【详细解答】 根据录音中提到的“In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied ．．．”，此处应填写motivation。
10. 答案：coexist
【详细解答】 根据录音中提到的“But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role．”，此处应填写coexist。
2004英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)
In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured
answer sheet.
SECTION A TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the talk.
1.The parallel between waltzing and language use lies in ____.
A.the coordination based on individual actions
B.the number of individual participants
C.the necessity of individual actions
D.the requirements for participants
2.In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) ____ process.
A.individual
B.combined
C.distinct
D.social
3.The main difference between personal and nonpersonal settings is in ____.
A.the manner of language use
B.the topic and content of speech
C.the interactions between speaker and audience
D.the relationship between speaker and audience
4.In fictional settings, speakers ____.
A.hide their real intentions
B.voice others’ intentions
C.play double roles on and off stage
D.only imitate other people in life
5.Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is ____.
A.the absence of spontaneity
B.the presence of individual actions
C.the lack of real intentions
D.the absence of audience
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the interview.
6.What was education like in Professor Wang’s days?
A.Students worked very hard.
B.Students felt they needed a second degree.
C.Education was not careeroriented.
D.There were many specialized subjects.
7.According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the presentday education?
A.To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.
B.To prepare students for their future career.
C.To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.
D.To set up as many technical institutions as possible.
8.In Professor Wang’s opinion, technical skills ____.
A.require good education
B.are secondary to education
C.don’t call for good education
D.don’t conflict with education
9.What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of feepaying students?
A.Shifting from one programme to another.
B.Working out ways to reduce student number.
C.Emphasizing better quality of education.
D.Setting up stricter examination standards.
10.Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ____.
A.those who can adapt to different professions
B.those who have a high flexibility of mind
C.those who are thinkers, historians and philosophers
D.those who possess only highly specialized skills
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,
you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
11.Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy?
A.Latin America.
B.SubSaharan Africa.
C.Asia.
D.The Caribbean.
12.According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy drop?
A.Burma.
B.Botswana.
C.Cambodia.
D.Thailand.
13.The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____
A.Asia.
B.Africa.
C.Latin America.
D.The Caribbean.
Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
14.The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____.
A.US refusal to accept arbitration by WTO
B.US imposing tariffs on European steel
C.US refusal to pay compensation to EU
D.US refusal to lower import duties on EU products
15.Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?
A.EU member states.
B.The United States.
C.WTO.
D.The steel corporations.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
In this section you will hear a minilecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be
marked, but you will need them to complete a 15 minute gapfilling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.
Conversation Skills
People who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.
1. Skill to ask question
1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other’s questions regardless of (1)____
2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmfull
questions about one’s (2)____ job
questions about one’s activities in the (3)____
3) be able to spot signals for further talk
2. Skill to (4)____for answers
1) don’t shift from subject to subject
— sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)____in conversation
2) listen to (6)____of voice
— If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.
3) use eyes and ears
— steady your gaze while listening
3. Skill to laugh
Effects of laughter:
— ease people’s (7)____
— help start (8)____
4. Skill to part
1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or
contact
2) ways:
— men: a smile, a (9)____
— women: same as (10)____now
— how to express pleasure in meeting someone.
2004答案详解：
【听力原文】
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
Language is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics, and gossiping. Teachers use
it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use — that is activities in which people do things with language.
As we can see, language use is really a form of joint action.
What is joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. As simple examples, think of two people
waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual
actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps, but in separate rooms, or at separate times? So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two
dancers do their individual steps in coordination, as a couple.
Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and
listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates both individual and
social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in their use of language. But they must also work
together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies,
arms, and legs, and joint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual
process. And it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without
viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, I’d like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I
mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium — which refers to whether language use is spoken or written. And in this talk, I’ll focus on spoken
settings.
The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation — either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific
matters, but they’re all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I’ll call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call nonpersonal
settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues
come in many varieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they
formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn’t expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which are called institutional settings, the
participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official
holding a news conference, a lawyer crossquestioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less
spontaneous, even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways.
The person speaking isn’t always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivian Leigh plays Scarlett O’Hara in
“Gone with the Wind”, Frank Sinatra sings a love song in front of a live audience, the speakers are each vocalizing words composed by someone else — for instance a playwright
or a composer — and are openly pretending to be expressing opinions that aren’t necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves
without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what I’m about to
say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isn’t intended to be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.
SECTION B TALK
W: Good evening, I’m Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang.
M: Hello.
W: Professor Wang, you’re now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you’ve worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head,
dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you’re still very fond of your university days as a student.
M: That’s right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brandnew university then, and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an
amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.
W: How did the students like you, for example, study then?
M: We didn’t study very hard, because we didn’t have to. We didn’t have all this fantastic competition that you have today. Mmm. We were always made to feel that getting a
first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a
good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen.
W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since then?
M: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.
W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere,
Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by that?
M: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few.
And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the
emphasis of university programs today is now on the practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development.
W: Do you think that is a welcome development?
M: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basic bachelor’s education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.
W: So you’re concerned about this development.
M: Yes, I’m very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don’t require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you
can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universitites.
W: Professor Wang, let’s look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon because of the fees they pay?
M: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend
with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education.
W: Yes, you’re right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let’s turn to the future. What type of graduates, in your view, to
universities of the future need to produce, if they are to remain relevant?
M: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of
the flexibility of the mind. Today’s rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that
their students will not only be technically trained, but will be the kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.
W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and professional development of students. But still some might
believe there is a definite place for education in a broader sense — that is, in personal intellectual development.
M: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If a society doesn’t have philosophers,
or people who think about the value of life, it’s a very sad society indeed.
W: Professor Wang, my last question: do you see any common ground in education between your generation and the young generation now?
M: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generation’s legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much on the
construction of better buildings, labs, etc., but in the development of an everadaptable mind.
W: That’s true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. Okay, thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in
education.
M: You’re welcome
SECTION C
A new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are
losing a century’s progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing
prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Carribbean, but is greatest in subSaharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the world’
s population but 70% of the world’s HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult
population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancy
throughout the Carribbean and some Central American nations will drop into the 60’s by 2010, when they would otherwise have been in the 70’s without AIDS. In Cambodia and
Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, to what otherwise would have been in the mid60’s. Even in countries where the number of new infections is
dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda, and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990’s, we never would have suspected that population growth would
have turned negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality,
including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland.
Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
The European Union has drafted a list of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the United States has imposed on European steel. EU member
governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization, which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which
American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent transAtlantic trade dispute say they include textiles and steel products.
Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on some steel imports, including European products.
The EU has appealed to the World Trade Organization to get those duties overturned. But a WTO decision on the matter could take up to a year or more. EU officials say that,
under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June. But they say the United States can avoid the EU’s possible countermeasures if it pays more than
two billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing the steel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Washington could also escape retaliation by lowering U.S.
import duties on other EU products.
The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation.
SECTION D TALK
Good morning. Today’s lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guess all of you sitting here can recall certain people who just seem to make
you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you’ve known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that
makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done? Here are some
of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into
friends.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more
willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they don’t respond to the questions. So most skillful
conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview
from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent woman executive confesses that at business lunches, “I always ask
people what they did that morning. It’s a dull question, but it gets things going.” From there, you can move on to other matters, sometimes to really personal questions.
Moreover, how your responder answers will let you know how far you can go. A few simple catchwords like “Really?” “Yes?” are clear invitations to continue talking.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but it isn’t in fact. Making people feel comfortable isn’t simply a matter
of making idle conversation. Your questions have a point. You’re really asking, “What sort of person are you?” and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at
least three components of real listening. For one thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or she is really
interested in it. Another component of real listening is listening not just to words but to tones of voice. I once mentioned D.H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment,
she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrence’s works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was, to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed
obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears.
When your gaze wanders, it makes people think they’re boring your, or what they are saying is not interesting. Of course, you don’t have to stare, or glare at them. Simply
looking attentive will make most people think that you think they’re fascinating.
Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice that all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not
only warming and friendly, it’s also a good way to ease other people’s discomfort. I have a friend who might enjoy watching at gathering of other people who do not know each
other well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the people involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, a light comment or joke is
made, and my friend’s easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile, and loosen in
response to her laughter, and the conversation goes on with more warmth and ease.
Finally, good talkers are onces who cement a parting. That is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave a deep impression on others. Last impressions are just as
important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember you. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to
close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to
take over that custom well between themselves or with men. If you’re saying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. It’s a way to say, I
really enjoyed meeting you. But it’s not all done with body language. If you’ve enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret.
Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.
Okay, just to sum up. Today, we’ve talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in
forming friendships later on. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. the list is much longer. I hope you will use these four skills, and discover
more on your own in your conversations with other people.
Now you have two minutes to check your notes, and then please complete the 15minute gapfilling task on Answer Sheet One.
This is the end of listening comprehension.
2004答案与详解
PAPER ONE
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
1. 答案： A
【问句译文】跳华尔兹舞与语言运用的相似点在于什么？
【试题分析】本题属于细节题
【详细解答】从 talk中我们听到语言运用是一种joint action，后面介绍了joint action的定义，人们在跳华尔兹舞时，“…two dancers do their individual steps in coordination”，而人们使用语言时，“…perform their individual actions in coordination.”，因此A正确。
2．答案： B
【问句译文】谈话中的说话者认为语言运用是一个什么样的过程？
【试题分析】本题属于细节题。
【详细解答】谈话中有“it belongs to both”的字样，即individual和social二者，故B对。
3．答案： C
【问句译文】个人背景与非个人背景的主要区别是什么？
【试题分析】本题属于细节题。
【详细解答】对话属于personal settings，它们涉及到参与者的自由交流：They’re all characterized by the free exchange of turns among the two participants. 而独白属于nonpersonal settings，它很少有或没有与观众交流的机会：little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. 因此，personal settings 与nonpersonal settings 之间的主要区别在于讲话者与观众之间的相互交流。
4．答案： B
【问句译文】在小说背景中，讲话者_____
【试题分析】本题属于细节题。
【详细解答】Talk 中举了《飘》为例，句子“the speakers are each vocalizing words prepared by someone else”告诉我们，书中的讲话者表达的是别人（如作家、作曲家）为
之准备的话。
5．答案： D
【问句译文】与其他背景相比，私人背景的主要特征是什么？
【试题分析】本题属于细节题。
【详细解答】在private setting 中，“people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else &
