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影响你一生的电影:你是否依然相信爸爸的故事?

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2018年08月21日

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  当我们还年幼,爸爸总是无所不能,他的胳膊强壮有力,他的身影高大威猛;外面的世界通过爸爸的讲述总是展现出它引人入胜的一面。当我们一天天长大,却发现爸爸并非万能之神,他也和我们一样有着困惑与迷茫。爸爸的故事开始让我们怀疑,揭开那层朦胧的面纱,现实世界是否同样令人神往?时间和经历慢慢带走了我们的天真,涉世不久却已觉饱经沧桑,我们开始不屑于父亲的生活方式,他描绘的世界已在我们的记忆中隐没,甚至连父亲的面容也在脑海中模糊起来。

  下面就让我们回顾两部经典影片,再次倾听爸爸讲述的故事吧。

Life is Beautiful《美丽人生》

  该片获得了28项国际大奖,其中包括奥斯卡最佳外语片奖、戛纳影展评审团大奖等等。在戛纳电影节试映时,全体观众起立鼓掌长达12分钟之久;每个人都是含泪步出影院,因为影片中爸爸为儿子营造的那个无比动人的故事天地。这部影片足以证明我们儿时对爸爸所描绘的世界笃信不疑。

  二战之前,父亲Guido、母亲Dora和"我"Joshua过着幸福快乐的生活。但好景不长,纳粹的阴影渐渐笼罩了"我们"生活的意大利小镇。当识字不久的"我"看见"No Jews or dogs allowed"的牌子时,爸爸的解释让战争远离了"我"幼小的心灵。

  Guido: Because they just don't want Jews or dogs to go in. Everybody does the same thing. There's a hardware store. They've done the same thing. They don't let Spanish people or horses in their stores. Further up ahead, you'll find a drugstore. I was with a Chinese friend of mine, who had a kangaroo (袋鼠). I said, "May we?" "No, no. No Chinese or kangaroos here." What can I tell you? Somebody we just don't like.

  Joshua: But we let everybody in our bookshop.

  Guido: No. We're gonna put up a sign, too. Is there anybody you don't like?

  Joshua: Spiders, and you?

  Guido: I don't like Visigoths〔6〕. So starting tomorrow we're gonna write: "No spiders and Visigoths allowed." Ok, I'm sick and tired of these Visigoths!

  于是,通过父亲的解释,种族歧视在"我"眼中就仅仅是没什么大不了的个人喜好,父亲的解释让"我"的幼小心灵仍然那么纯净无瑕。

  在"我"五岁生日那天,父亲和"我"都被抓进了集中营,母亲为了和"我们"在一起,主动上了运送犹太人的火车。在时时刻刻都面临死亡威胁的集中营里,父亲却将种种险境变成了有趣的游戏场景。

  Joshua: Will you tell me which game, papa?

  Guido: Of course. I should have told you this before. The whole thing is a game. It's that game where ... er ... er ... we're all players, right? You know what I mean. It's all organized. The rules are ... the men are over here, and the women are over there. Then there are the guards. They give us our schedules. It's pretty hard. And they make it complicated. If someone makes a mistake, well, they'll get sent home right away. Right away! That means you have to be very careful. But if you're real clever, you win first prize!

  Joshua: What's first prize, papa?

  Guido: Er ... well, you know, first prize ...

  Uncle: A brand new tank, Joshua.

  Joshua: But I already have a tank.

  Guido: No, but this one's much better. It's a real one! It's new and it works.

  Joshua: A real one? No!

  Guido: Yeah! See, that's why I didn't want to tell you.

  在爸爸的描述中,冷酷而血腥的集中营只是一个奖品为真坦克的游戏场所而已。"我"是多么希望赢得那辆真坦克啊!所有的一切都由于这个诱人的奖品变得美好起来。

  为了让"我"深信不疑,父亲还冒着生命危险,将纳粹分子粗暴残酷的集中营管制条款"翻译"成了有趣的游戏规则。

  Guido: The game starts now. If you're here, you're in. If not, you're out. You have to score a thousand points to win. If you do that, you take home a tank. Lucky dog! Each day we'll be announcing who's in the lead from a loudspeaker (扩音器) there. The one with the least points has to wear a big sign each day with the word"jackass (傻子)"... right on his back. Anybody who's afraid loses points. There are three ways that person can lose his points. They would be as follows: One, turning into a big cry baby; Two, telling everyone you want to see your mama; Three, if you're hungry, and want us serving you something to eat, forget about it! It's very easy to lose points here for being hungry. Just yesterday I lost 40 points because I was so hungry that I had to have a jam sandwich. Apricot jam! He wanted strawberry. And ... don't ever ask for any lollipops (棒棒糖), because you won't get any. We eat them all! I ate twenty of them yesterday! What a stomachache! But they were good. You bet! I'm sorry I have to leave. But I'm playing hide-and-seek. I have to go before I get caught.

  "我"努力跟着爸爸一起玩这个"游戏",不违反任何一条"游戏规则",相信在爸爸的帮助下,我们一定能赢得那辆真坦克。

  是的,最后,"游戏"结束了,"我"赢了,"我们"赢了!爸爸的故事不但让"我"活了下来,还让"我"觉得生活依旧那么美好!虽然,"我"再也见不到他。因为,在这场"游戏"中,他为了保全我而"违反"了"游戏规则"。

Big Fish《大鱼》

  本片曾获2004年奥斯卡最佳配乐提名、4项金球奖提名,以其魔幻现实主义的拍摄手法,细腻地刻画了父子之间感情的微妙变化。

  片中父亲Edward Bloom一直在讲述自己过去经历的种种趣事。在他的故事中,他勇敢地去见女巫,从她的玻璃球眼睛里看到自己的死亡;他是最聪明的橄榄球运动员;他在最后一秒为篮球队赢得了比赛;他从火中救出了可怜的小狗;他把饥饿的巨人带出城镇并和他相伴长途跋涉;他误入世外桃源般的美丽村庄,那里的人们将鞋挂在村口,不再启程;他为了追求自己一生所爱,免费为一个老板是狼人的马戏团工作数月;他在儿子出生的时候与一条大鱼搏斗......

  儿子Will Bloom听着这样的童话故事长大。当然,他最终不可避免地到了再也不相信美丽童话的年龄。这些所谓的"人生经历"在童话中泛着迷离而不真实的光。那到底是真实的存在,还是臆想的梦幻?儿子对父亲的故事腻烦了,再也不能忍受。

  Edward: What! A father's not allowed to talk about his son?

  Will: I'm a footnote (脚注) in that story, Dad. I'm the context for your great adventure, which never happened. Incidentally (附带提及), you were selling novelty products in Wichita the day I was born.

  Edward: Come on, Will. Everyone loves that story!

  Will: No, Dad, they don't. I don't love that story. Not anymore. Not after a thousand times! I ... I know every punch line, Dad. I can tell them as well as you can! For one night, one night in your entire life ... the universe did not revolve around Edward Bloom. How can you not understand that?

  Edward: I'm sorry to embarrass you.

  Will: You're embarrassing yourself. Dad, you just don't see it. [Will的旁白] After that night, I didn't speak to my father again for three years.

  这种情景是否似曾相识?青春期的我们,一气之下好久不再跟父亲交流,不说一句话。Will成家后离开父母生活在另一个城市,他对父亲的看法如下。

  Will: The truth is I didn't see anything of myself in my father, and I don't think he saw anything of himself in me. We were like strangers who knew each other very well. In telling the story of my father's life ... it's impossible to separate fact from fiction, the man from the myth.

  这时,Will与父亲就是一对彼此熟悉的陌生人。Will需要一个真实的父亲,而这种真实无疑是建立在残酷人生经验之上的对天真幻想的拒绝。直到有一天,Will得知身患癌症的父亲病情恶化,他赶回家,尝试与躺在病床上的父亲做最后的交流。他对真实的渴求却引起了父亲的愤怒。

  Will: Dad, I have no idea who you are ... because you've never told me a single fact.

  Edward: I've told you a thousand facts, Will. That's what I do. I tell stories!

  Will: You tell ... lies, Dad. You tell amusing lies. Stories are what you tell a 5-year-old at bedtime. They're not elaborate (精心描述的) mythologies that you maintain when your son is 10 and 15 and 20 and 30. And ... I believed you. I ... I ... I believed your stories so much longer than I should have and.... Then when I realized of course that everything you said was impossible, everything, I felt like a fool to have trusted you. You're like Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny combined, just as charming and just as fake.

  Edward: You think I'm fake?

  Will: Only on the surface, Dad. But it's all I've ever seen. Look, I ... I'm about to have a kid of my own, and it would kill me if he went through his whole life never understanding me.

  Edward: It would kill you, huh? What do you want, Will? Who do you want me to be?

  Will: Just yourself. Good, bad, everything. Just ... just show me who you are for once.

  Edward: I've been nothing but myself since the day I was born. And if you can't see that, it's your failing, not mine!

  是啊,父亲一直都是那个幽默健谈、幻想联翩的父亲,他将真实的经历隐入奇幻的故事,他的故事中处处都是睿智的人生譬喻和精妙的生活警言,比如他讲自己一次生病的经历时。

  Edward: "Kept in a small bowl, the goldfish will remain small. With more space, the fish will double, triple, or quadruple (四倍于) its size." It occurred to me then that perhaps the reason for my growth ... was that I was intended for larger things. After all, a giant man can't have an ordinary-sized life. As soon as my bones had settled in their adult configuration (布局), I set upon my plan to make a bigger place for myself in Ashton.

  这分明是父亲在讲述自己成长过程中为了成就雄心壮志所下的决心啊!再如,当离开美丽的幽灵镇,那里的人们热情地挽留他时,他的回答。

  Edward: This town is more than any man could ask for. And if I were to end up here, I would consider myself lucky. But the truth is, I'm just not ready to end up anywhere.

  多年后,忍痛离开幽灵镇的Edward回到破落的镇子,帮助和挽救了这里的人们。难道你看不出幽灵镇就是我们年轻时碰到的那一次次诱惑?那么多的人挂起了自己的鞋,放弃了风雨兼程,过早地停留在当时的美景中。而Edward却懂得选择和放弃。

  片中,父亲讲述的方式也许有些让人难以理解,因为他认为:Most men, they'll tell you a story straight through. It won't be complicated, but it won't be interesting either.

  父亲用爱的语言来讲述自己的故事,而儿子却被残酷的现实遮蔽了视听。生活的琐碎磨灭了我们想象的光芒,时光的蛛丝包裹了我们原本细腻敏锐的心。父辈的经历之于我们,真的就像是一个个远去的童话,模糊而不真实......

  在整理父亲的办公室时,Will发现,父亲的故事并不完全是假的。父亲在朝鲜的荒唐经历好像是假的,但政府误发的死亡通知书是真的,这让新婚后等待了多年的母亲几乎崩溃;父亲解救的巨人好像没有那么巨大,但父亲如巨人般的野心是真的,他跟着这个巨人走出了束缚自己的小村庄;父亲种种离奇经历好像是假的,但父亲从一个小镇无名青年到成功推销员的坎坷奋斗经历是真的。

  Will渐渐听懂了父亲的那些故事,也开始理解父亲的苦心,他在父亲弥留之际继续讲述着父亲未完的故事:You become what you always were: a very big fish. 父亲将会是一条大鱼,游弋在属于自己的水域里。

  那个人,你注定要和他相遇,你一直想弄明白他到底是谁,你一直在寻找你与他的相似之处,而你也一直在努力走出他高大身影的庇护。那个人,一直都在以不同的方式讲着我们不熟悉的故事,然而,只有当你开始继续他的故事,他的生命才得以延续:

  Have you ever heard a joke so many times that you've forgotten why it's funny? And then you hear it again and suddenly it's new. You remember why you loved it in the first place.

  A man tells his stories so many times that he becomes the stories. They will live on after him. And in that way, he becomes immortal.


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