比较结构长难句分类解析

比较结构长难句分类解析

1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　实际上，科学更多地取决于观察试验者的脑力准备，而非科学所需要的实验本身。

【结构分析】 　Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments (it prepares)// than on the preparedness (of the minds) (of the men) (who watch the experiments).此句的整体结构可简化为：Science...depends far less on A than B“科学更多地依赖B而非A”；第一段是句子的主干，主语是science，谓语是depends on，宾语是the experiments，其后it prepares是experiments的定语从句，省略了关系代词that，双逗号中间的in practice则是范围状语，被插入于句中，表示谓语动作发生的范围；第二段是比较状语，介词表达on the preparedness和前面对应的介词表达on the experiments形成比较关系，其中的（of the minds）（of the men）（who watch the experiments）是层层限定的关系，of the minds修饰preparedness，of the men修饰minds，who watch the experiments修饰men。

【词汇精记】 　in practice 在实践中，实际上；depend on 依赖于，取决于；preparedness 准备情况。

2. Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　然而他们当前的发展是迥然不同的，其原因根本不是人种的不同，而是存在于当地居民头脑中思想的不同。

【结构分析】 　Yet their present development is wholly different,// not so much because of different people even , but because of the different thoughts (that exist in the minds of their inhabitants).第一段是句子的主干，主语是their development，谓语是系动词is，表语是different；第二段是由not...but...构成框架的两个对比原因状语（not because of...but because of...），为了加强语气，改写成了not so much A even but B模式，可译为：“根本不是A而是B”；句子末端的that从句是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thoughts。

【词汇精记】 　wholly 整个的；inhabitant 居民。

3. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　如果科学实验被计划并且能够像科学杂志所表明的那样忠实地按照计划加以实施的话，那么，管理方期待着研究能够带来可以用美元和美分计算的结果也是完全符合逻辑的。

【结构分析】 　If experiments are planned and carried out (according to plan) ( as faithfully) ( as the reports in the science journals indicate ),//then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results (measurable in dollars and cents).句子的整体结构是If..., then...“如果……，那么……”；第一段是If引导的条件状语从句，其中主语是experiments，谓语是并列表达are planned and carried out，括号中的（according to plan）（as faithfully）是状语，共同修饰carried out，而 as the reports in the science journals indicate 则是连接词as引导的比较状语从句，和前面的as形成搭配，修饰faithfully，其中的斜体表达in the science journals 是介词短语作前面the reports的后置定语；第二段是主句，此处的then和前面的连词if形成对应，以加强语气；此段的结构是典型的It＋be＋adj.＋for sb. to do句型，句末括号部分是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的results。

【词汇精记】 　carry out 实施；science journal 科学杂志；indicate 暗示，表明；perfectly 完美地，极其地；logical 符合逻辑的；management 管理方，管理；measurable 可计算的，可衡量的。

4. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________

【参考译文】 　电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，或许前所未有。

【结构分析】 　Television is one of the means (by which these feelings are created and conveyed)—//and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe .本句的主干结构是and连接的并列句（不要被破折号干扰）；在破折号前的分句一里，by which引导定语从句，修饰先行词means（之所以用by＋which是因为先行词means的用法搭配：by a...means“通过……方式”）；在分句二里，因否定词never置于句首，出现了倒装结构，不仅如此，更大的难点是出现了比较结构never...so much...as...，这是比较结构在否定句中的特殊用法，通常表示最高级之意；分句二的正常语序是：perhaps it has never served so much to...as in...。

【词汇精记】 　convey 表达，传递，运输；serve much to 为……做出很大贡献；connect different peoples and nations 把不同的民族和国家连到一起；by this means 通过这一方式。

5. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　但是正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业的行为规范一样，他的主要任务也不是思考约束其行为的道德准则。

【结构分析】 　But his primary task is not to think about the moral code (which governs his activity),// any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration (of rules) (of conduct) (in business).从宏观层面来看，此句的理解关键是要把握not...any more than...这一特殊比较结构，它表示两者类比，意为“正如同不……一样，……也不是……”；第一段括号内的表达是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the moral code；第二段中句末的三个括号表达是层层限定关系，of rules修饰前面的exploration，of conduct修饰前面的rules，介词短语in business修饰前面的conduct。

【词汇精记】 　primary 首要的；moral code 道德准则（code表示密码，法规，礼法）；govern 统治，管理；dedicate one's energies to 致力于；exploration 开发，探索；conduct (n.) 行为，(vt.) 疏导，实施。

6. They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________

【参考译文】 　他们可能教得很好，而且不只是为了赚钱，但是他们中的大多数对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。

【结构分析】 　They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries,//but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems (which involve moral judgment).句子的整体结构是but连接的并列句；第一段主语是They，谓语是may teach，状语分别是very well（方式状语）和more than earn...（比较状语）； more than 可译为“不只是”，“比……更（多）”（如：I love you more than I can say）。

【词汇精记】 　earn one's salaries 赚取薪水；reflection 反映，反射，反思；make reflections on 反思；independent 独立的；involve 涉及，卷入，包括；moral judgment 道德判断。

7. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统和冷静的方式研究人类及其目的。

【结构分析】 　Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry//(which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner ) ( that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena).第一段是句子的主干结构；第二段是which引导的定语从句修饰先行词that branch of intellectual enquiry，从句的主语是关系代词which，谓语是seeks to study，宾语是humans and their endeavors，后面画线部分是方式状语，表示谓语动作的发生方式；其中的斜体表达reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned 是并列的形容词短语共同修饰manner；句末的that从句是定语从句修饰先行词manner，也可理解为the same...that...比较结构。

【词汇精记】 　branch 分支；intellectual（adj. ）智力的，知识的，（n.）知识分子；enquiry 询问，探究，调查；endeavor 试图，努力；humans 人类；endeavor 试图，努力；reasoned 合理的；orderly（adj.）有序的；systematic 系统的；dispassioned 冷静的；phenomena 现象（pl.）。

8. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　几乎每个历史学家都对历史有自己的定义，但现代实践最趋向于认为：历史是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其加以解释的努力。

【结构分析】 　While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians ,//modern practice most closely conforms to one (that sees history as the attempt) (to recreate and explain the significant events of the past).句子的主干是第二段，其中主语是modern practice，谓语是conforms to，宾语是one，后面是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one，句末是不定式短语to recreate...作后置定语，修饰前面的the attempt；第一段是While引导的让步状语从句，修饰后面主句的谓语动词，以加强语气；从句中as...as结构表示同级比较。

【词汇精记】 　definition 定义；historian 历史学家；modern practice 现代实践；most closely 最接近地；conform to 遵守，与……保持一致；see...as... 把……视作；recreate 再现，重现（不能说重新创造历史）；events 事件，此处引申为“史实”。

9. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the contemporary world.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　社会科学研究法一定要符合以历史史料而不是以当今的世界需求为首位的指导原则。

【结构分析】 　Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline//(governed by the primacy) (of historical sources rather than the contemporary world).第一段是句子的主干，主语是Social science methodologies，谓语是had to be adapted to，宾语是a discipline；第二段括号中的成分governed by...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词a discipline，紧随其后的是介词短语of...，作前面primacy的后置定语；其中，historical sources和the contemporary world形成对比反差。

【词汇精记】 　methodology 方法论，研究法；be adapted to 适应；discipline 纪律，戒律，引申为“原则”；govern 统治，支配，控制；primacy 首要，首位；historical sources （术语）史料；contemporary 当代的。

10. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978～1987 averages.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　自从1991年以来，生产率每年大约增长2％，这是1978年～1987年平均增长率的两倍多。

【结构分析】 　And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, (which is more than twice the 1978～1987 averages). by about 2%和a year分别作谓语动词has increased的程度和时间状语，which引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词2％进行补充说明；此句最大的特点是出现了倍数表达：twice/three times/half/one third/three fourths the＋n.表示“是n.的两倍／三倍／二分之一／三分之一／四分之三”。

【词汇精记】 　productivity 生产率；increase by 增长了（increase to 增长到）；average（可作形容词和名词）平均的或平均（值）。

11. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in U. S. News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　但是，可以肯定这并不意味着关注工业无节制增长的环保主义者就是反科学的，正如去年五月《美国新闻与世界报道》上的一篇文章似乎表明的那样。

【结构分析】 　But surely that does not mean//environmentalists (concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth) are anti-science ,// as an essay (in U. S. News & World Report) last May seemed to suggest.此句的主干是That does not mean (that...)，主语是that，谓语是does not mean，宾语是后面的从句；第二段是mean的宾语从句，省略了that引导词，在第二段中主干是画线的environmentalists are anti-science ，括号中的部分是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰environmentalists；第三段是as引导的非限制性定语从句，也是本句重点：as是关系代词，代替前面的主句的内容，在此定语从句中作suggest的宾语。 as引导的非限制性定语从句翻译时，as常译为“正如，正像”，给人的印象如同一个比较状语从句；此外，最后一段中的括号成分是介词短语in...作后置定语，修饰前面的essay。

【词汇精记】 　surely 肯定地；mean 意味着；environmentalist 环保主义者；be concerned about 关注；uncontrolled 失控的；industrial growth 工业增长；anti-science 反科学的；suggest 暗示，表明。

12. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent—little more than two thirds the 1960s' growth figure and considerably below that of Western states.

【翻译演练】 　________________________________

【参考译文】 　因此，加利福尼亚的增长率在二十世纪七十年代的时候下降到了18.5％，这大约仅仅是二十世纪六十年代增长率的三分之二，并且远远低于西部诸州的增长率。

【结构分析】 　As a result, California's growth rate dropped (during the 1970s), (to 18.5 percent)//—( little more than two thirds the 1960s' growth figure and considerably below that of Western states).破折号之前的第一段是句子的主干，during the 1970s和to 18.5 percent分别是时间状语和程度状语，表示谓语动作dropped发生的时间和程度；破折号后面由two thirds the...和below...并列组成，是前面18.5 percent的非限制性定语，相当于非限制性定语从句的省略(which was) little...and...below...。 因为to 18.5 percent后接了长长的修饰语，所以为了避免头重脚轻结构失衡，才将时间状语during the 1970s前置到了程度状语前，因为drop＋to形成相对固定的搭配。此外，two thirds the＋n.是倍数表达，详见前文的解释。

【词汇精记】 　as a result 结果，因此；growth rate（相当于growth figure） 增长率；drop to 下降到；little more than 大约仅仅（no more than/nothing more than 仅仅）；considerably 程度大地；Western states 特指美国西部诸州。

13. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability inconstancy.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________________

【参考译文】 　因此，就像较早的理论可以解释大陆的移动性一样，热点也可以解释它们的不定性。

【结构分析】 　Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility (of the continents),// so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).此句的主干结构是Just as...so...“正像……一样，……亦如此”；第一段是as引导的比较状语从句，第二段是句子的主干。 此处的so并非连接词，而是副词，和前面的as形成对应，以加强语气（比如：Just as a coin has two sides, so it is true of this case. 正如一枚硬币有两面，因此这一情形亦如此）。

【词汇精记】 　mobility 移动性；continent 大陆；hot spot （地理术语）热点；mutability（相当于inconstancy）不定性。

14. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.

【翻译演练】 　________________________________

【参考译文】 　就像任何发达社会一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化标志、观念和习俗构成了所有社交关系的基础。

【结构分析】 　 As is true of any developed society,//in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.第一段是as引导的非限制性定语从句，它作为关系代词代替整个第二段的主句内容，可译为“正如，正像”；第二段中的画线斜体部分是主句的主语，谓语动词是underlies，宾语是all social interrelationships。 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末。

【词汇精记】 　be true of 对于……是真实的；developed society 发达社会，发达国家；complex 复杂的；a set of 一系列的；cultural signal 文化信号（标志）；assumption 假设，观点（此处作为复数可引申为“观念”）；convention 习俗；underlie 处于……的下方，构成……的基础；social interrelationship 社交关系。

15. Perhaps selections for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　为护理职业选择人员，尤其是为医疗护理职业，也许应该更多地考虑他们是否细心且具有同情心，而不是看他们的化学成绩如何。

【结构分析】 　Perhaps selections (for the caring professions, especially medicine), could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations (as sensitivity and sympathy).此句的主干结构可简略为：Perhaps selections...could be made less by A and more by B，句子的主语是selections，谓语是could be made，后面是两个动作发出者的比较；第一个括号中的成分是selections的后置定语，第二个括号中的as sensitivity and sympathy和前面的such形成搭配，亦是后置定语，修饰前面的considerations。

【词汇精记】 　make selections 作选择；profession 职业；the caring profession 护理职业；grade 分数，级别；chemistry 化学；sensitivity 敏感；sympathy 同情心。

16. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　Alexander Fleming 爵士并不像传奇中所描述的那样一看到奶酪上的霉当时当地就产生了青霉素的想法。

【结构分析】 　Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it , look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea (for penicillin) there and then .此句的主语是Sir Alexander Fleming，谓语是并列的look at和get，宾语分别是the mold和the idea for penicilli，状语分别是on a piece of cheese（地点状语，修饰look at）和there and then（地点和时间状语，修饰get）；但此句的插入成分才是理解的关键：as引导的表达并非插入语，是比较状语从句居中的情况，鉴于前面主句是否定形式did not，故要发生否定转移，翻译时要关注此语法点。

【词汇精记】 　Sir（和人名连用时）爵士；legend 传奇；as legend would have it （习语）像传奇中所描述的那样；penicillin 青霉素；there and then 当时当地。

17. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________

【参考译文】 　同过去一样，在将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，并带来新的完美标准。

【结构分析】 　New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past , giving rise to new standards of elegance . as well as连接两个逻辑上并列的主语，must arise作句子谓语，三个画线成分都是状语：in the future作时间状语，as they have in the past是as引导的比较状语从句，giving rise to...是现在分词短语作结果状语，分别表示谓语动词must arise发生的时间、比较和结果状况。

【词汇精记】 　new forms of thought 新的思维方式；subject 主题，对象；new subjects for thought 新的思维对象；arise 出现；give rise to 引起，产生，带来；elegance 优雅；standard 标准；new standards of elegance 完美的新标准。

18. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　很可能，在一天当中，这里的每一个人都会经历一系列复杂的推理活动，这一推理活动和科学工作者在探寻自然现象起因时所经历的推理活动属于同一种类，尽管程度有所不同。

【结构分析】 　Probably there is not one here (who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning)//, of the very same kind, (though differing in degree), as that (which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena ).第一段须关注：①主句和who引导的定语从句中双否定词带来的理解障碍；②in the course of the day这一时间状语分隔了谓语部分has...had；③in motion分隔了动词set和宾语a complex set of reasoning的动宾关系。第二段须关注：①of the very same kind是介词短语作后置定语，因较长之故用逗号和前面的reasoning分隔开来；②of the very same kind和 as that...是the same...that结构，表示比较；③括号中的though differing in degree是让步状语居中的情况，可最后处理；④as后的that指代前面的reasoning，和前面的reasoning形成比较；⑤that后的which引导定语从句修饰that，使其内容更为具体，此从句中的画线部分是in doing结构，作从句谓语goes through的时间状语。

【词汇精记】 　course 过程，（一道）菜，航向，课程；in the course of（相当于during）在……期间；in the course of the day 在一天当中；had occasion to do 有机会做；set...in motion 使运转，经历；complex 复杂的；a train of 一系列的；reasoning（因-ing，故为动词之意）推理；go through 经历；in doing 在做某事的时候（方面）；trace 探寻，探索；cause 起因，事业；phenomena 现象（pl.）。

19. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________________________

【参考译文】 　在该术语所指的行为种类方面要比怎样对其进行诠释和解读方面有着更多的共识。

【结构分析】 　There is more agreement on the kinds (of behavior) (referred to by the term) than there is on (how to interpret or classify them).此句的整体结构可简化为：There is more agreement on A than (there is) on B，译为：“在A方面比在B方面有着更多的共识”，在本质上属于两个范围状语的比较；括号中的of behavior是kinds的后置定语，referred to...是过去分词短语作前面behavior的后置定语；句末括号中的how to...是一个复合不定式，相当于名词作介词on的宾语。

【词汇精记】 　agreement 一致，共识，协议；refer to 参考，指；term 术语；interpret 诠释，口译；classify 分类。

20. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other is on the microscope.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　审计员完全有理由相信有着明确目标并且知道如何实现目标的科学家不应该被这种必要性分心：一只眼睛盯着收银机，同时另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。

【结构分析】 　It is entirely reasonable (for auditors) to believe //that scientists (who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there ) should not be distracted by the necessity (of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other is on the microscope).第一段是句子的主干，属于典型的It is＋adj . for sb. to do模式，此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to believe...，for auditors是believe的动作发出者；第二段是that引导的名词性从句，作前面believe的宾语（即宾语从句），其中主语是scientists，谓语动词是should not be distracted，后接动作发出者by the necessity；宾语从句须关注：①从句主语scientists后面是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scientists，此定语从句中，主语是关系代词who，谓语是know，宾语是where和how并列引导的两个名词从句（即宾语从句）；②句末括号中，介词of短语作前面necessity的后置定语，在此后置定语中 while 又引导一从句，和前面的内容形成对比反差。

【词汇精记】 　entirely 完全地；reasonable 完全合理的；auditor 听众，审计员；distract 分散注意力；necessity 必要性；the cash register 现金收银机；cash 现金；register 登记；microscope 显微镜；while 然而。

21. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; nowhere is this more true than in Europe.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　对电脑技术的贡献不再局限于任何单一的国家，这一点在欧洲尤其如此。

【结构分析】 　No longer are contributions (to computer technology) confined to any one country;// nowhere is this more true than in Europe.此句是由分号断开的两个分句组成；分句一出于强调的目的采用否定词置于句首倒装模式，本质结构是contributions (to computer technology) are no longer confined to any one country；分句二亦采用此类倒装模式，但此句还有一特殊比较结构，其比较原理是：当一个具体事物同一类事物进行比较并用于否定的句式结构时，常表示最高级（具体事物）的含义；在本句中nowhere实际上相当于not anywhere，暗含一类事物，和in Europe这一具体事物进行比较，根据原理则in Europe是最“true”的。例如：

Nobody is more selfish than him in this class. 他是这个班里最自私的人。

【词汇精记】 　contribution to 对……的贡献；be confined to 局限于；computer technology 电脑技术；Europe 欧洲。

22. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　我们最责无旁贷需要理解的社会问题是风俗的作用。

【结构分析】 　There is no social problem (it is more incumbent upon us to understand) than this (of the role) (of custom).此句的比较原理同上句，即：当一个具体事物同一类事物进行比较并用于否定的句式结构时，常表示最高级（具体事物）的含义。此句no social problem中的social problem是一类事物，而比较连词than后面的this（指代social problem）则是一个具体事物，基于原理，this of the role of custom是最“incumbent upon us to understand”的。 it is more incumbent upon us to understand是定语从句修饰前面的先行词problem，但此从句结构较特殊：①省略了关系代词that；②从句里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to understand...。

【词汇精记】 　incumbent 负有义务，负某种责任；it is incumbent upon sb. to do sth. 某人有责任做某事；role 角色，作用。

23. There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it.

【翻译演练】 　________________________________

【参考译文】 　对于一名外国人（或英国本国人）而言，如果想欣赏英语语言的丰富性和多样性，最好的方式莫过于研究莎士比亚驾驭英语的各种手法。

【结构分析】 　There is probably no better way {for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language} than by studying the various ways (in which Shakespeare uses it).句子的主干结构是：There is probably no better way (...) than by studying the various ways (...)，括号部分是修饰语，修饰限制各自前面的名词。此句的结构本质同上句；better way泛指一类事物，比较连词than后面的by studying...是一个具体事物，基于原理可知，by studying...是最好的欣赏英语的方式。

【词汇精记】 　appreciate 欣赏，鉴赏；richness 丰富性；variety 多样性。

24. There is no spectacle on earth more appealing than that of a beautiful woman in the act of cooking dinner for someone she loves.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　世界上没有任何景象会比一个漂亮女人为自己心爱的人做饭时的景象更打动人的了。

【结构分析】 　There is no spectacle on earth more appealing than that (of a beautiful woman) (in the act) (of cooking dinner for someone) (she loves).句子的主干结构是画线部分，后面括号中的成分是连环后置定语：介词短语of a...修饰前面的that，介词短语in the act修饰前面的woman，介词短语of cooking...修饰前面的act，最末括号中的she loves是省略了关系代词that或who的定语从句，修饰先行词someone；主干结构本质上等同于No spectacle on earth is more appealing than that...，比较原理同上文所讲，即此句no spectacle中的spectacle泛指一类事物，比较连词后面的that指代具体的一个spectacle，基于原理，that应该是最高级的内容（最打动人的景象）。

【词汇精记】 　spectacle 景观，景象；appealing 打动人的，有感染力的；in the act of 在做……之时。

25. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　例如，会有情景比这更可怕更怪诞的吗？——炮手用科学毁灭人的身体而外科医生就在附近用科学抢救被炮手毁灭的身体。

【结构分析】 　 Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that (of gunners) (using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them)?句子的主干是画线部分（ that指代的对象是spectacle），后面的括号部分皆为that的后置定语；主干结构本质上等同于No spectacle could be more grimly whimsical than that...，原理同上文所讲，any spectacle是一类事物，that指代一具体事物，故that应为最高级之意（最荒诞可怕的）。

【词汇精记】 　spectacle 景观，景象；grimly 可怕地，恐怖地；whimsical 荒诞的；gunner 炮手；shatter 毁灭，摧毁；close at hand 近在咫尺的地方，就在眼前；surgeon 外科医生；restore 恢复。

26. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is nothing more than an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　个体电视观众总是感觉自己仅仅是庞大而又多样的观众群体中一个无名且数量上微不足道的组成部分。

【结构分析】 　The (individual) (TV) viewer (invariably) senses//that he or she is nothing more than an (anonymous, statistically insignificant) part (of a huge and diverse audience).此句的主干是The...viewer（主语）senses（谓语）that he or she is nothing more than an...part...（宾语从句），括号中的成分除invariably（频度状语）外，皆为相关名词的前后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　individual 个体，个人；viewer 观众（尤指电视观众）；invariably 总是；sense 感觉；nothing more than/no more than/little more than 仅仅，只不过（例如：It is no more than a joke. 这只不过是一个玩笑而已）；anonymous 匿名的；statistically 统计地；insignificant 微不足道的，无足轻重的；diverse 各种各样的；audience 观众，听众。

27. What he did was no less than a miracle.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　他所做的一切完全是个奇迹。

【结构分析】 　What he did was no less than a miracle.此句的主语是what引导的名词性从句（即主语从句），谓语是系动词was，表语是a miracle，no less than属于加强语气的程度状语，表示“完全，已经，都”之意。

【词汇精记】 　no less than/nothing less than/little less than 完全，已经，都（例如：He is no less than 12. 他都12岁了）；miracle 奇迹。

28. Nothing is less instructive than a machine.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________

【参考译文】 　没有任何事物比机器更缺乏教育意义的了（机器是最没有教育意义的）。

【结构分析】 　 Nothing is less instructive than a machine.此句的结构原理前文已讲过，即当比较结构用于否定句，并且是一个具体事物和整个同类事物比较时，那么通常表示（具体事物）最高级之意；基于此原理：比较连词than后的a machine应是最高级之意（即在instructive方面它是最“less”的）。例如：

Nothing is more natural than a child's trust in his mother. 孩子对于母亲的信任是最自然不过的了；

Nobody is less emotional than Tom. Tom是世上最没有感情的人。

【词汇精记】 　instructive 有教育意义的，指导性的。

29. The robot has no more emotion than the car.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　机器人和汽车一样没有情感。

【结构分析】 　The robot has no more emotion than the car. no more...than... 意为“和……一样的不……”，例如：

He is no more sad than I. 他和我一样的不伤感。

【词汇精记】 　robot 机器人；emotion 情感。

30. Old books that have ceased to be of service should no more be abandoned than should old friends who have ceased to give pleasure.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　不再有价值的旧图书和不再让你快乐的老朋友一样，不应该被抛弃。

【结构分析】 　Old books (that have ceased to be of service) should no more be abandoned than should old friends (who have ceased to give pleasure).因括号中的成分是后置定语从句，故此句结构可简化为：A should no more be abandoned than should B“A和B一样不应该被抛弃”。

【词汇精记】 　cease 停止；abandon 抛弃；give pleasure 带来乐趣。

31. Language is a part of our organism and no less complicated than it.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　语言是我们有机体的一部分，它和有机体一样的复杂。

【结构分析】 　Language is a part of our organisms and no less complicated than it. no less...than... 意为“和……一样的……”，例如：

He is no less pleased than I (am). 他和我一样的高兴。

【词汇精记】 　organism 有机物；complicated 复杂的。

32. She knew better than to go out alone on such a night.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　她不至于傻到在这样的夜晚单独外出。

【结构分析】 　She knew better than to go out alone on such a night.这是一个特殊的比较结构： know better than to do sth. 不至于（愚蠢或糊涂到）做某事。

33. The hardship of the work was more than an ordinary man can bear.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________________

【参考译文】 　该工作的艰难不是一般人所能忍受的（该工作的艰难超出了一般人所能忍受的程度）。

【结构分析】 　The hardship of the work was more than an ordinary man can bear.此句中的 more than 接近“否定”的概念；从字面上看，than前后的比较对象程度不一，前面程度强后面程度弱，所以有时便可引申理解为对前者的“肯定”，对后者的“否定”。例如：

I love you more than I can say. 爱你在心口难开；

Their dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear. 结果表明此碟子无法承受他们在上面跳舞。

【词汇精记】 　hardship 困难，艰难；bear 承载，忍受。

34. The importance of studying English cannot be overemphasized.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________________

【参考译文】 　学习英语的重要性怎么强调都不为过。

【结构分析】 　The importance (of studying English) cannot be over emphasized.此种结构中：cannot＋over-～ 或cannot＋too 都表示“肯定”之意，且语气强烈（类似于“双重否定”）。例如：

A woman can never have too many hats. 一个女人拥有再多的帽子也不算多。

【词汇精记】 　overemphasize 过度强调。

35. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

【结构分析】 　Science moves forward, (they say), not so much through the insights (of great men of genius) as because of more ordinary things (like improved techniques and tools).句子主干结构是：Science moves forward, not so much through A as because of B 科学的进步与其说是源自A倒不如说源自B，they say是插入语，其他两个括号成分皆是前面相关名词的后置定语；not so much...as是个特殊的比较结构，应该熟记，其意为：“与其……不如……”； 此处的介词through意思相当于because of。

【词汇精记】 　insight 洞察力；genius 天才；the insights of great men of genius 天才伟人的真知灼见；ordinary things 普通事物；improve 改进；technique 技术；tool 工具；they say 他们说（插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首）。

36. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________________

【参考译文】 　这些提议旨在对使用和拷贝数字信息施行比传统媒体领域所施行的更为严格的限制措施。

【结构分析】 　这个句子的省略出现在than之后，补全应是：These proposals sought to place greater restrictions (on the use and copying of digital information) than ( those that ) exist in traditional media.主语是These proposals，谓语是sought to place，其中的sought是seek的过去式，宾语是greater restrictions，介词短语on the use...information是其定语；than之后的those指代前面的greater restrictions，紧随其后的that从句是其定语从句；此句中，比较连词than后面为了避免和前面的表达重复，把比较对象进行了省略处理。

【词汇精记】 　proposal 提议，建议；seek to do 努力做……；restriction 限制，限制措施；copying 拷贝；digital 数字的；media 媒体。