倒装结构长难句分类解析
倒装结构长难句分类解析
1. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers.
【翻译演练】 ________________________________
【参考译文】 如果规则性和对标准模式的一致性像科学家所撰写的论文似乎表明的那样对于科学家是理想的，那么管理方也不应该因为歧视了研究者中的那些怪人而受到责备。
【结构分析】 Nor , if regularity and conformity (to a standard pattern) are as desirable to the scientist as the writing (of his papers) would appear to reflect , is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls " (among researchers).此句的主干结构是否定词Nor置于句首发生的倒装，画线的部分是if引导的条件状语从句，它分隔了Nor和系动词is；正常的语序是If regularity and conformity..., nor is management to be blamed for...;此句的真正主语是management，谓语动词是is，表语是不定式to be blamed，句末画线的介词for短语是原因状语，修饰前面的谓语动词，表示其原因，括号中的介词among短语是其前面odd balls的后置定语；在画线的if状语从句中，regularity and conformity是从句的主语，to a standard pattern是conformity的后置定语，谓语动词是are，表语是desirable，to the scientist是范围状语，后面的as引导比较状语从句，和前面的as形成as...as搭配。
【词汇精记】 regularity 规则性，规律性；conformity (to) 和……的一致性；standard pattern 标准模式；desirable 理想的；paper 论文；appear 似乎；reflect 反映；management 管理，管理方；blame 责备；discriminate (against) 歧视；odd 古怪的。
2. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.
【翻译演练】 _______________________
【参考译文】 从1980年的人口普查中可看到这样一幅景象：这个国家正大力发展区域竞争。
【结构分析】 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture (of a nation) (developing more and more regional competition).此句结构是分词短语＋be＋主语（常有后置定语修饰） ，类似于表系主倒装的结构，正常的语序是：The picture (of a nation) (developing more and more regional competition) is emerging from the 1980 census；括号中的成分是各自前面名词的定语：of a nation修饰picture；developing more and more regional competition修饰nation。
【词汇精记】 emerge from 从……中出现；census 人口普查；regional 地区的，区域性的；competition 竞争。
3. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its childbearing years.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 不断的移民潮也起到了作用，而由于历史上“婴儿潮”那一代人到了生育年龄，带来更多婴儿的降生亦起到了作用。
【结构分析】 Nonstop waves (of immigrants) played a role, too—//and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its childbearing years. 此句是and连接的一个并列句，倒装出现在第二段中，是 so ＋do＋sb. 的倒装结构，表示“某人亦如此”，和Nor/Neither＋do＋sb.（某人亦不如此）完全相反，例如：
A: He went to the cinema yesterday. 他昨天去看电影了 。
B: So did I. 我也去了 。
A: He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. 他昨天没去看电影 。
B: Nor did I. 我也没有去 。
后面的画线部分是as引导的原因状语从句，修饰此段的谓语动词did，表示其发生的原因。
【词汇精记】 nonstop 不断的；wave 浪潮；immigrant 移民；role 作用；play a role in... 在……起作用；crops of 大量的；baby boom “婴儿潮”；boom 迅猛增长；generation 一代人；childbearing 生育的。
4. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
【翻译演练】 _________________________
【参考译文】 1980年的人口普查显示，任何地方的美国人都没有西部地区的人们更加注重追求生活空间的宽敞。
【结构分析】 Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search (for spacious living) than in the Far West. 此句的主语是1980 census statistics ，谓语动词是dramatize，宾语是the American search, for spacious living是介词短语作宾语search的后置定语；此句的难点在于：①nowhere否定词置于句首的倒装结构；②比较结构的使用，nowhere和in the Far West是比较对象，此句在本质上属于比较结构用于否定句表示最高级的情形（参见第一部分第八章比较结构）。
【词汇精记】 census 人口普查；statistic 统计数据；dramatize 戏剧化，清楚地表明；search for 寻找，对……的追求；spacious 宽敞的；the Far West （美国）西海岸，西部地区。
5. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 在全球范围内分散着100多个小范围孤立的火山活动地带，它们就是地质学家所熟知的热点。
【结构分析】 Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions (of isolated volcanic activity) (known to geologists as hot spots).此句结构采用的是分词短语＋be＋主语（常有后置定语修饰） ，类似于表系主倒装的结构，正常的语序是：More than 100 small regions (of isolated volcanic activity) (known to geologists as hot spots) are scattered around the globe；括号中的成分是各自前面名词的定语：of isolated volcanic activity修饰前面的主语regions，known to geologists as hot spots修饰其前面的activity。
【词汇精记】 scatter 分散；globe 地球；region 区域；isolate 使隔离，使孤立；volcanic activity 火山活动；be known to sb. as... 作为……被某人所熟知；spot 地点，点；hot spot 热点；geologist 地理学家。
6. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enables the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 技术的发展是和日益增加的信息密不可分的，它使得更多的信息能以更快捷的速度储存和传送到更多的地点。
【结构分析】 Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development (of technologies)//{which enables the storage and delivery (of more information) (with greater speed) (to more locations) than has ever been possible before.}此句第一段是主干结构；其形式是分词短语＋be＋主语（常有后置定语修饰） ，类似于表系主倒装的结构，正常的语序是The development...is coupled with...; of technologies是主语development的后置定语；第二段是which引导的定语从句，亦修饰主语the development；此定语从句中，主语是关系代词which，谓语是enables，宾语是the storage and delivery，后面括号部分的表达都是宾语the storage and delivery的后置定语（不能因为翻译成汉语时译成了状语，就理解为状语）。
【词汇精记】 be coupled with 和……密不可分；quantity 数量；the growing quantity of 越来越多的；enable 使能够；storage 储存；delivery 递送，运输；location 地点。
7. What Henson did was important, but more important was the way he did things.
【翻译演练】 ___________________________
【参考译文】 Henson所做的一切都是重要的，但更重要的则是他做事的方式。
【结构分析】 What Henson did was important,//but more important was the way (he did things).此句是but连接两个分句组成的并列句；第一段中，画线部分是what引导名词从句作主语（即主语从句），谓语是系动词was，表语是important；第二段是典型的表系主倒装结构：more important（表语）＋was（系动词）＋the way（主语）＋he did things（定语从句），正常语序是the way (he did things) was more important；此种倒装主要有两个特点：①强调表语的内容；②避免主语过长导致的头重脚轻，使得结构较平衡。
8. Constantly growing too is the volume of chemical goods.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 化学产品的产量亦在不断增加。
【结构分析】 Constantly growing too is the volume (of chemical goods).此句结构采用的是分词短语＋be＋主语（常有后置定语修饰） ，类似于表系主倒装的结构，正常的语序是The volume (of chemical goods) is constantly growing too；括号中的of短语是主语the volume的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 constantly 不断地；volume 容量，音量，卷（书），量；chemical goods 化学产品。
9. Typical of the new type of the youth was Leifeng, who set a shining example to the whole nation.
【翻译演练】 _______________________
【参考译文】 雷锋是新一代年轻人的典范，他为所有的国人树立了一个光辉的榜样。
【结构分析】 Typical of the new type of the youth was Lei feng ,//who set a shining example to the whole nation.句子的主干结构是表系主倒装：Typical of the new type of the youth（表语）＋was（系动词）＋Lei Feng（主语）＋who...（非限制性定语从句），正常语序是：Lei Feng, who set a shining example to the whole nation, was typical of the new type of the youth。
【词汇精记】 be typical of 是……的代表；the new type of the youth 新一代的年轻人；set a shining example to 给……树立光辉榜样；the whole nation 整个国家，所有的国人。
10. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 我们认为我们自己大脑内部的活动才是唯一值得研究的；但是，风俗，我们则认为，是最司空见惯的行为。
【结构分析】 The inner workings (of our own brains) we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,//but custom, we have a way of thinking , is behavior (at its most commonplace).此句的主干结构是but连接两个分句组成的并列句；第一段的谓语动词显然只能是feel，所以根据逻辑和前后的表达可断定，we应该是主语的成分，据此，可推理出第一段的正常语序应该是：we feel the inner workings of our own brains（宾语） to be uniquely worthy of investigation （宾补），属于典型的“成分（此处是宾语）前置”情形，这是一种相对随意灵活的强调形式，被前置的成分是被强调的对象；第二段中，主语是custom，谓语是系动词is，表语是behavior，双逗号中间的画线部分是插入语，括号里的介词短语at...是后置定语，修饰前面的表语behavior。
【词汇精记】 inner 内部的（和outer相反）；working 运转；brain 大脑；unique 唯一的，独一无二的；investigation 研究，调查；a way of thinking 思维方式；commonplace 普遍的，司空见惯的。
11. From the shore-line out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents.
【翻译演练】 ________________________
【参考译文】 从海岸线向大海延伸数英里乃至数百英里的区域是缓和的大陆架斜坡，从地质学上说，它是大陆的一部分。
【结构分析】 From the shore-line out to a distance (which may be anywhere) (from a few miles to a few hundred miles) runs the gentle slope (of the continental shelf), (geologically part of the continents).此句话采用的是全倒装 形式（即整个谓语部分置于主语之前的倒装），正常的语序是The gentle slope (of the continental shelf), (geologically part of the continents) runs from the shore-line out to a distance (which may be anywhere) (from a few miles to a few hundred miles)；主语是The gentle slope，谓语动词是runs，from the shore-line out to a distance是介词短语作地点状语，of the continental shelf是主语slope的后置定语，geologically part of the continents是前面slope的同位语，which may be anywhere是其前面distance的后置定语，from a few miles to a few hundred miles则是其前面anywhere的后置定语（anywhere可作为名词）。
【词汇精记】 shore-line 海岸线；run 延伸；gentle 绅士的，缓和的；slope 斜坡；continental 大陆的，大洲的；shelf 架子；the continental shelf 大陆架；geologically 地质学上。
12. Along with this disparagement of a compliment is the American tendency to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses.
【翻译演练】 ______________________________
【参考译文】 不仅仅鄙视溜须拍马，美国人还往往自嘲自己的错误并承认自己的弱点。
【结构分析】 Along with this disparagement (of a compliment) is the American tendency (to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses).此句结构是表系主倒装：Along with this disparagement（表语）＋is（系动词）＋the American tendency（主语）；第一个括号表达of a compliment是其前面disparagement的后置定语，句末括号表达to laugh at...则是前面tendency的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 along with（相当于together with）和……一起；disparagement 藐视；compliment 恭维；tendency 趋势；laugh at 嘲笑；admit 承认；weakness 弱点。
13. In the midst of it came unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of the President of the United States declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching.
【翻译演练】 __________________________
【参考译文】 在此期间，收音机突然插播了美国总统的讲话，宣布因不明敌国的导弹正接近美国本土，全国进入紧急状态。
【结构分析】 In the midst of it came (unexpectedly) (over the radio) the announcement (of the President of the United States) (declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching ).此句话采用的是全倒装 形式（即整个谓语部分置于主语之前的倒装），正常的语序是：The announcement...came (unexpectedly) (over the radio) in the midst of it；此句的主语是The announcement，谓语是came，unexpectedly和over the radio是方式状语，in the midst of it是时间状语，句末两个括号中的of...和declaring...是主语the announcement的后置定语；此外值得关注的是画线部分for suspected enemy missiles approaching，它是declaring的原因状语，介词for后的中心词是approaching，enemy missiles后省略了“'”，即enemy missiles' approaching（即动名词的所有格）。
【词汇精记】 in the midst of 在……期间；over the radio （相当于on the radio）通过收音机；announcement 宣告；emergency 紧急；a state of emergency 紧急状态；suspect 怀疑；missile 导弹；approach 接近。
14. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad".
【翻译演练】 _______________________
【参考译文】 出于对事物的情感经历，我们拥有了一致的社会情感，即特定的事物是“好”的，而其他的事物则是“坏”的。
【结构分析】 Out of our emotional experience (with objects and events) comes a social feeling (of agreement) (that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad").此句采用的是全倒装 形式（即整个谓语部分置于主语之前的倒装），正常的语序是 A social feeling (of agreement) (that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad") comes out of our emotional experience (with objects and events)；显然，主语是A social feeling，谓语是comes，画线的介词短语out of...是地点状语；of agreement是前面主语feeling的后置定语，that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad"是前面主语feeling的同位语，解释其内容；介词短语with objects and events则是其前面experience的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 emotional 感情的，情感的；experience 经历；object 物体；objects and events 事物。
15. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations.
【翻译演练】 ___________________________________
【参考译文】 可以想象，这种获得习惯的能力能够像对特定环境所作的明确反应一样，可以被继承下来。
【结构分析】 The ability (to acquire habits) can be conceivably inherited just as much// as can definite responses (to narrow situations) .句子的主干是第一段，主语是The ability，后面的to acquire habits是后置定语，谓语是can be inherited，conceivably是副词作状语，as much相当于so much是程度状语，表示谓语“被继承”的程度；第二段是as引导的比较状语从句，和前面的as形成搭配as...as，值得关注的是此比较状语从句主语过长，为避免头重脚轻，此句采取倒装结构，其正常语序是as definite responses to narrow situations can，can后省略了和主句相同的动词be inherited，以避免重复。
【词汇精记】 acquire 获得；conceivably 可以想象地；inherit 继承；definite 明确的；response (to) 反应；narrow 狭窄的。
16. Coincident with concerns about the acceleration loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 在关注物种及其生存环境加速灭绝的同时，我们越来越意识到生物多样化（即特定生态系统中物种的数量）对于地球健康和人类利益的重要性。
【结构分析】 Coincident with concerns (about the acceleration loss) (of species and habitats) has been a growing appreciation (of the importance) (of biological diversity), the number (of species) (in a particular ecosystem), (to the health of the Earth and human well-being).此句结构是表系主倒装： coincident with...（表语）＋ has been （系动词）＋... appreciation （主语）＋ of ...（后置定语）；具体而言，about the acceleration loss和of species and habitats是各自前面名词的后置定语，of the importance和of biological diversity亦是各自前面名词的后置定语，画线的the number是diversity的同位语，对diversity进行解释，其后面的of species是the number的后置定语，紧随其后的in a particular ecosystem则是其前面species的后置定语；最值得关注的是句末括号表达，介词to短语实际上和双逗号前面的of biological diversity一样，作前面importance的后置定语，但在形式上被双逗号中间的同位语分隔。
【词汇精记】 be coincident with 和……同时发生，巧合；concern (about) 对……的关注；acceleration 加速；loss 损失，丧失；species 物种；habitat 栖息地，生存环境；appreciation 欣赏，感激，理解；biological 生物的；diversity 多样化；particular 特定的，具体的；ecosystem 生态系统；well-being 福祉，福利，利益。
17. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded program has.
【翻译演练】 __________________________
【参考译文】 他们也将拥有和该记录栏目制作人相同的选择权利。
【结构分析】 And at their disposal will be the same options (the producer of the recorded program (has).此句结构是表系主倒装：at their disposal（表语）＋will be（系动词）＋the same options（主语）＋the producer of the recorded program has（省略了that的定语从句）。
【词汇精记】 at one's disposal 在某人的控制下（掌管中）；option 选择；producer 生产者，制作者；record 纪录，登记；program 项目，节目。
18. From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps.
【翻译演练】 _____________________________
【参考译文】 从原理的展示，到基于该原理生产出的产品的上市销售，往往需要一系列长期而又复杂的步骤。
【结构分析】 From the demonstration (of a principle) to the marketing (of products) (derived from that principle) is often a long, involved series of steps.此句结构是表系主倒装： From the demonstration... to the marketing...（表语）＋ is （系动词）＋a... series of steps（主语）；括号中的成分是各自前面名词的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 demonstration 演示，展示；principle 原则，原理；marketing 市场营销（此处-ing，故不能理解为“市场”）；derive from 源于；involved (adj.) 复杂的；a series of 一系列的；step 步骤。
19. Inside the pannier were about ten of the little red notebooks I take everywhere for jotting down ideas for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like.
【翻译演练】 ___________________________
【参考译文】 在挂篮里有大约十个红色的小笔记本，无论去哪里我总随身带着以记录下文章、短篇故事、电视剧诸如此类事物的灵感。
【结构分析】 Inside the pannier were about ten of the little red notebooks //{I take everywhere for jotting down ideas (for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like)}.此句结构是表系主倒装： inside the pannier（表语）＋ were （系动词）＋... notebooks ...（主语）＋（后置定语）；在第二段的定语从句中，关系代词that被省略；画线的斜体表达分别是地点状语everywhere和目的状语for...，表示take这一从句谓语动词发生的地点和目的；括号里的成分则是介词短语for...作目的状语，但它却用来修饰jotting down，表示其目的。
【词汇精记】 pannier 挂篮（挂在自行车尾座上）；notebook 笔记本；jot down 快速记录；article 文章，物品，冠词；TV show 电视表演；the like 诸如此类的事物。
20. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 例如，它们并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
【结构分析】 For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality,//and thus do not tell {how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances }.此句的主干结构是主语＋两个并列的谓语：主语是they，谓语分别是画线的do not compensate for和thus do not tell，它们后面是各自的宾语成分：前者的宾语是gross social inequality，后者的宾语是how引导的名词从句（括号部分）； how引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，画线表达是虚拟条件状语从句，前面是主干；此外，该宾语从句的谓语动词采用的是虚拟语气形式，尤其是后边画线的虚拟条件状语从句还采用了倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances，它实际等于If he had grown up...。
【词汇精记】 compensate for 弥补；gross 毛的，总的，明显的（常贬义）；inequality 不公平，不平等；thus 因此；underprivileged 贫困的，物质条件差的；favorable 有利的；under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下。
21. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 在自然界中找不到任何单独存在的铝，这是因为它总是和其他的元素结合在一起，尤其是常和氧结合在一起。
【结构分析】 Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free,//owing to its always being combined with other elements , (most commonly with oxygen).句子的主干结构是第一段，采用了否定副词置于句首倒装的结构形式，正常语序是Aluminum is found free nowhere in nature；第二段是owing to引导的原因状语，表示前面第一段主句发生的原因；句末括号中的成分是插入语，对前面的信息进行补充解释。
【词汇精记】 aluminum 铝；in nature 在自然界，在本质上；free 自由的，独立的；owing to 由于；be combined with 和……结合在一起；element 元素；commonly 通常；oxygen 氧气。
22. Among these books is included a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 在这些书中有一本辞典，是他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的。
【结构分析】 Among these books is included a dictionary (that his father gave him as a birthday present).此句是全倒装结构，正常语序是A dictionary (that his father gave him as a birthday present) is included among these books ；括号中的that从句是主语dictionary的后置定语从句，among these books是地点状语，修饰谓语动词，表示其发生的地点。
【词汇精记】 present 礼物。
23. From all such fears camping releases him.
【翻译演练】 ______________________________
【参考译文】 野营使他摆脱了所有这些恐惧。
【结构分析】 From all such fears camping releases him.此句的正常语序是Camping releases him from all such fears；句中的release和from形成搭配，但出于强调状语的目的，介词from短语被置于句首，这就是成分前置的情形（因谓语的位置仍在主语之后，所以此结构不是严格意义上的倒装结构）。
【词汇精记】 release sb. from... 从……中释放某人；camping 野营。
24. To such motives, yet another must be added.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 然而，除了这些目的以外，还得加上一个。
【结构分析】 To such motives , yet another must be added .此句的正常语序是Yet another must be added to such motives；句中的add和to形成搭配，但出于强调状语的目的，介词to短语被置于句首，这就是成分前置的情形（因谓语的位置仍在主语之后，所以此结构不是严格意义上的倒装结构）。
【词汇精记】 motive 动机；add...to 把……加在……。
25. To this pleasure, camping gives an exquisite refinement.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 野营会给这种快乐增加一种优雅意境。
【结构分析】 To this pleasure , camping gives an exquisite refinement.此句的正常语序是Camping gives an exquisite refinement to this pleasure；句中的谓语动词gives和to形成搭配give sth. to sb.，但出于强调的目的，介词to短语被置于句首，这就是成分前置的情形（因谓语的位置仍在主语之后，所以此结构不是严格意义上的倒装结构）。
【词汇精记】 pleasure 快乐，乐事；exquisite 精美的；refinement 优雅，精致（服务），精炼。
26. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the chambermaid.
【翻译演练】 _________________________________
【参考译文】 他可能很富有，但给打扫房间的女服务员多少小费，心中却根本没数。
【结构分析】 Affluent he may be,//but he is by no means sure what to tip the chambermaid .此句是连词but连接两个分句组成的并列句，主干结构亦可理解为may...but...“或许……但是”句型；重点是第一段：形容词表语affluent置于句首是成分前置，表示强调，正常的语序是He may be affluent；第二段中，主语是he，谓语是系动词is，表语是sure，by no means相当于否定词，句末画线表达what to tip the chambermaid是复合不定式（特殊疑问词＋不定式），相当于名词，作be sure的宾语。
【词汇精记】 affluent 富足的，富裕的；by no means 决不；tip (vt.) 付小费；chambermaid 打扫房间的女服务员。
27. Poor though you might be, you cannot live all your life on charity.
【翻译演练】 __________________________________
【参考译文】 即使你或许贫困，也不能让自己的生活完全依赖别人的救济。
【结构分析】 Poor though you might be,//you cannot live all your life on charity.此句是由连词though连接的一个复合句；在though引导的让步状语从句中，形容词表语poor被前置到句首，以加强语气表示强调，正常的语序是Though you might be poor，属成分前置的情形（因谓语的位置仍在主语之后，所以此结构不是严格意义上的倒装结构）。
【词汇精记】 live one's life on 把生活建立在……基础上；charity 慈善，救济。
28. Strange though it may appear, it is true.
【翻译演练】 __________________________________
【参考译文】 尽管貌似奇怪，却是事实。
【结构分析】 Strange though it may appear,//it is true.此句是由连词though连接的一个主从复合句，第一段是让步状语从句，第二段是主干；在though引导的让步状语从句中，形容词表语strange被前置到句首，以加强语气表示强调，正常的语序是Though it may appear strange，属典型的成分前置情形（因谓语的位置仍在主语之后，所以此结构不是严格意义上的倒装结构）。
【词汇精记】 appear （相当于seem）似乎；strange 奇怪的。
29. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.
【翻译演练】 ______________________________________
【参考译文】 尽管我们可以对我们的审美力感到很骄傲，但我们再也不能自由地选购我们所需之物了，因为广告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响力。
【结构分析】 Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,//we are no longer free to choose the things (we want),//for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.此句可分为三段，第一段是Much as引导的让步状语从句，加强主句内容的语气；第二段是主句；第三段是for引导的原因状语从句，表示主句内容发生的原因；重点是第一段的结构： Much as ...在本质上是adv./adj./etc.＋as...引导的让步状语从句，在结构上属于成分前置的情形，以表强调（ 不属于倒装，仅是成分前置，因为主语和谓语的位置并未改变），例如：
Beautiful as she is, she is pretty selfish. 尽管很漂亮，她却很自私； （Beautiful是is的表语）
Fast as she ran, she lost the game. 尽管她跑得很快，却输掉了比赛。 （Fast是动词ran的程度状语）
【词汇精记】 Much as （可作为一固定搭配，理解为although之意）尽管；pride oneself on 对……感到骄傲；taste 口味，品味，爱好；no longer 不再；advertising 广告行为；subtle 微妙的；exert 施加；exert a subtle influence on 对……施加潜移默化的影响。
30. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of the scientist's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.
【翻译演练】 ______________________________
【参考译文】 还有一个科学家的实验表明：大脑内部最显著的变化出现在那些很小就接受训练的老鼠中间，这一实验也暗示，年轻人的大脑通过训练或许能够促进脑力的发育。
【结构分析】 Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another (of the scientist's experiments) (that showed) the most significant changes (in the brain) occurred among rats (that had been exercised when very young) .此句结构较复杂，采用的是全倒装结构，正常的语序是： Another (of the scientist's experiments) (that showed) the most significant changes (in the brain) occurred among rats (that had been exercised when very young) // suggested young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise .此句的主语是another，谓语动词是suggested，句末画线部分是suggested的宾语从句，省略了连接词that；但此句的难点却出现在主语的部分，即第一段中：括号中的of...短语是主语another的后置定语，其后括号中that引导的从句是experiments的定语从句，紧随其后的画线部分是动词showed的宾语从句（省略了连接词that，主语是changes，谓语是occurred，状语是among rats），在宾语从句中括号里的in the brain是其前面changes的后置定语，that had been...则是其前面rats的后置定语从句；此句之所以倒装是因为主语过长，要避免头重脚轻之故。
【词汇精记】 brain 大脑；especially 尤其地，特别地；boost 促进；brain power 脑力；suggest 暗示，表明；significant 有意义的，重要的，显著的；significant changes 显著的变化；occur 发生，出现。
31. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds.
【翻译演练】 _________________________________
【参考译文】 公民拥有相似宗教信仰和价值观的文化，要比公民来自不同背景的文化，更有可能产生代表民意的法律。
【结构分析】 A culture (in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values) is more likely to have laws (that represent the wishes of its people)// than is a culture (where citizens come from diverse backgrounds).此句以比较连词than为界，分为两段；第一段是句子的主干，主语是A culture，后面括号中的in which引导定语从句，对其进行修饰，谓语部分是is more likely to have，宾语是laws，此后的that引导定语从句修饰laws；第二段是than引导的比较状语从句，此状语从句中，主语是a culture，谓语is，句末括号中的表达where citizens come from diverse backgrounds是定语从句，修饰先行词a culture，所以此从句的主语较长；为使句子结构得以平衡，此比较状语从句采用倒装形式，正常的语序是a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds is；而is后面在本质上则是省略了likely，以避免和主句相关表达出现重复。
【词汇精记】 share 分享；similar 相似的；religious belief 宗教信仰；value 价值，价值观；be likely to do 有可能……；represent 代表；the wishes of the people 民意；diverse 不同的，各种各样的；background 背景。
32. The Second World War, as did the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country human resources.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 就像1914年的上一次世界大战一样，第二次世界大战亦推动了公众对整个国家人力资源身体和精神福利的关注。
【结构分析】 The Second World War, as did the earlier one of 1914 , prompted public concern (about the physical and intellectual well-being) (of the country human resources).此句的主语是The Second World War，谓语动词是prompted，宾语是public concern；括号中的两个介词短语是各自前面名词的后置定语；值得关注的是插入句中的as...（画线部位），它引导比较状语从句，主语是the earlier one of 1914，谓语动词是代动词did（代替主句的谓语动词短语prompted public concern，以避免重复），此部分因主语较长，谓语did较短，故采取了倒装结构。
【词汇精记】 the Second World War 第二次世界大战；prompt 推动，促使；concern (about) （对……的）关注；physical 身体的；intellectual (adj.) 知识的，智力的，(n.) 知识分子；well-being 福祉，福利；the physical and intellectual well-being 身体和精神福利；human resources 人力资源。
33. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees-the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 它嘴里还留着冷杉——这是掉进冰河裂隙，折断脊柱之前的最后一段饭。
【结构分析】 In his mouth were the remains (of fir trees)//—the last meal (that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back).破折号之前的第一段是句子的主干，采用“表系主”形式的倒装结构：In his mouth（表语）＋were（系动词）＋the remains of fir trees（主语）；破折号后面的第二段中，the last meal是前面the remains of fir trees的同位语，其后面的that引导定语从句，修饰meal。
【词汇精记】 remains 遗迹，尸体；fir trees 冷杉树；crevasse 裂隙，缝隙。
34. So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 现在我们自己动手做事的热情很高，结果对于专业工人的依赖越来越少了。
【结构分析】 So great is our passion (for doing things for ourselves),// that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.此句的第一段是句子的主干，第二段是that引导的结果状语从句；第一段是关注的重点，So＋adj./adv.置于句首采用倒装结
构，表示强调，正常的语序形式是Our passion (...) is so great that...；第一段中的括号部分是其前面名词passion的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 passion (for) 对……的激情，热情；be dependent on 依赖于；specialized 专门的，专业的；specialized labor 专业劳动力（工人）。
35. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
【翻译演练】 ____________________________
【参考译文】 孩子们变得如此沉溺于电脑，以至于电脑夏令营的负责人往往不得不强迫他们停下来做些体育比赛活动。
【结构分析】 So involved with their computers do the children become// that leaders (at summer computer camps) often have to force them to break for sports and games.此句的第一段是句子的主干，第二段是that引导的结果状语从句；第一段是关注的重点，So＋adj./adv.置于句首采用倒装结构，表示强调，正常的语序形式是The children become so involved with their computers that...。
【词汇精记】 be involved with 被卷入，参与；camp 营地；force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事；break 停止，打破；sports and games 体育比赛。
36. So faint had been the noise that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.
【翻译演练】 __________________________________
【参考译文】 声音是如此的轻微，以至于没有人想到这艘船已遭损坏。
【结构分析】 So faint had been the noise// that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.此句的第一段是句子的主干，第二段是that引导的结果状语从句；第一段是关注的重点，So＋adj./adv.置于句首采用倒装结构，表示强调，正常的语序形式是The noise had been so faint that...。
【词汇精记】 faint 微弱的；damage 损坏。
37. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
【翻译演练】 __________________________________
【参考译文】 他讲话的声音很大，即使隔壁房间的人也能听到。
【结构分析】 So loudly did he speak// that even people (in the next room) could hear him.此句的第一段是句子的主干，第二段是that引导的结果状语从句；第一段是关注的重点，So＋adj./adv.置于句首采用倒装结构，表示强调，正常的语序形式是He speak so loudly that...；第二段中的括号内容是其前面people的后置定语。
【词汇精记】 the next room 隔壁房间。
38. Had he not been so busy taking the diamonds, he would have felt the blow.
【翻译演练】 ________________________________
【参考译文】 如果他不是一直忙于拿钻石，应早已感觉到了打击之痛。
【结构分析】 Had he not been so busy taking the diamonds, he would have felt the blow.此句是个典型的主从复合句：逗号前面是条件状语从句，后面才是句子的主干；主干的主语是he，谓语动词是would have felt（采用的是虚拟语气形式），宾语是blow；逗号前面作为虚拟的条件状语从句，采用了倒装形式，表示强调，正常的语序是 If he had not been so..., he would have felt...。
【词汇精记】 be busy doing 忙于做某事；diamond 钻石；blow 打击。
39. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
【翻译演练】 _______________________________
【参考译文】 许多人常常愿意放弃较高的薪水以换取作白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。
【结构分析】 Such is human nature,// that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege (of becoming white collar workers).此句是由两段组成，第一段是重点，由Such引导倒装句，正常的形式是Human nature is such that...；第二段是that引导同位语从句，对其前面代词such的内容作出解释说明，此从句中，句末括号表达是前面the privilege的后置定语（ 有人可能会把such...that...视为一搭配结构，故将that从句视作结果状语从句）。
【词汇精记】 human nature 人性；a great many 相当多的（修饰可数名词）；be willing to do 愿意做某事；sacrifice A for B 牺牲A换取B；higher pay 较高的薪水；privilege 特权，好处；collar 衣领；white collar workers 白领工人。
40. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships.
【翻译演练】 _________________________________
【参考译文】 于是就产生了回声探测仪，目前，它普遍用于各种船舶。
【结构分析】 So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, ( now in general use in ships ).此句逗号前面是句子的主干，采用倒装结构；此处的倒装较灵活特殊，和so没有关系，因为此处的So并不表示程度副词“如此地”，而是因果副词“因此”之意；之所以谓语动词was born被置于主语the echo-sounding apparatus之前，是因为主语后面有一个非限制性定语（括号中的内容相当于which is now in general use in ships），为了避免头重脚轻结构的不平衡，才采用倒装形式；正装的语序是So the echo-sounding apparatus, (now in general use in ships) was born。
【词汇精记】 echo 回声；sound 探测；apparatus 装置；the echo-sounding apparatus 回声探测装置；be in use 被使用的状态；be in general use 被普遍使用的状态。
41. Scattered around the city are more than 100 branch banks.
【翻译演练】 ________________________________
【参考译文】 一百多个银行分支机构散布在城市的各个区域。
【结构分析】 Scattered around the city are more than 100 branch banks .此句结构采用的模式是过去分词短语 ＋be ＋名词主语 （常有后置定语修饰），类似于表系主倒装的结构，正常的语序是More than 100 branch banks are scattered around the city。
【词汇精记】 scatter 驱散，散布；be scattered around 被分散在……各处；branch 分支的。
42. They do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
【翻译演练】 _____________________________
【参考译文】 他们不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此也不能说明一个贫穷的年轻人如果在较好的环境当中成长起来他将会有多大才干。
【结构分析】 They do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell {how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances .}此句的主语是They，谓语是并列的do not compensate for和do not tell； tell后面是how引导的名词从句作宾语（即宾语从句）；此宾语从句是个典型的主从复合句，前面的表达是主干，后面的画线部分是虚拟的条件状语从句，它采用的是倒装结构，省略了if，正常的语序形式是： if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。
【词汇精记】 compensate for 弥补，补偿；gross 毛的，总的，明显的（常贬义），显然的；inequality 不平等；privileged 有特权的；underprivileged 条件差的，贫穷的；youngster 年轻人；grow up 成长；favorable 有利的；under more favorable circumstances 在更加有利的环境下。
43. Catching a frog can be a difficult business, be you a human or a bird or a reptile.
【翻译演练】 __________________________
【参考译文】 无论是人、是鸟，还是爬行动物，捉住青蛙都是一件困难的事情。
【结构分析】 Catching a frog can be a difficult business,// be you a human or a bird or a reptile.第一段是句子的主干，其中主语是动名词短语Catching a frog ，谓语动词是can be，表语是a difficult business；第二段是whether引导的让步状语从句加强语气，但此处采用的是“虚拟＋省略＋倒装”这一特殊形式，即正常语序是：whether you be a human or a bird or a reptile；be是虚拟语气的形式（比陈述语气强烈），whether省略，be提到句首进行倒装，这是一个非常正式并且语气极强的表达。例如：
Porpoises are intrigued with anything that is alive, be it bird, fish or beast. 海豚对任何有生命之物皆感兴趣，无论是鸟，是鱼还是兽。
【词汇精记】 frog 青蛙；business 生意，企业，正经事，事情；reptile 爬行动物。
