托福写作中分词用法需谨慎

　　用分词替换定语从句时，分词的逻辑主语就是定语从句前的先行词。

　　如现在分词：We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分词connecting的逻辑主语是the bridge，和后一句中定语从句先行词the bridge， 两者一致。

　　试比较：The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定语从句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分词结构替换，即绝不能改成：The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因为分词meeting的逻辑主语并不是定语从句先行词the man，而是Tim，所以这是完全错误的说法。

　　又如过去分词：The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase. 绝不可改成：The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分词being asked的逻辑主语是club members，并不是定语从句先行词the issue。

　　托福写作怎么慎用巧用分词二：表因果

　　表因果，即当分词所指行为或事件引发了主句所指的事件或行为，可以替换定语从句。

　　比较：A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改为The snow falling overnight...)只表先后，不表因果

　　B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分词The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后，表因果。

　　托福写作怎么慎用巧用分词三：用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态

　　用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态。如： The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬间性行为动词fell over 和broke 有先后。 比较：I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表状态伴随的动词cover，替换成分词....sheets covering the furniture.

　　托福写作怎么慎用巧用分词四：情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换

　　情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换。如：There are a number of people who should be asked.

　　要写出变化的句式，需在熟练掌握各种句型的同时，做到活学活用融汇贯通，并非易事。希望大家平时认真打好好语法和词汇的基本功，多开口勤动笔，在实践中学习。

　　备注：建议托福写作目标冲7的考生，重点掌握分词结构代替定语从句的用法。