1. [举一反三]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
congratulate祝贺→① congratulator n.
→② congratulation n.
→③ congratulatory a.
2. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
① grateful a.感激的→ungrateful a.
② gratitude n.感谢→ingratitude n.
3. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① gratulatory a.表示高兴的；祝贺的
② gratuitous a.没有报酬的；免费的
4. [节外生枝]词根grac是grat的变体，请分析下列单词义。
① grace n.优美；恩惠；感恩祷告
② gracious a.优美的；有礼貌的；仁慈的
③ gracile a.纤细优美的
④ gracioso n.西班牙喜剧的丑角
5. [望文生义]以下也是grac的同根词，请分析它们的词义。
① graceful a.
② graceless a.
③ disgrace n.
④ disgraceful a.
⑤ ungraceful a.
⑥ ungracious a.
45. it [L]=to go走
在常用词ambition，exit和transit中有个词根it，它是拉丁动词ire的过去分词词干，与英语代词it毫不相干。
ambition [amb-=round周围；it=to go走；-ion n.=-ing表行为→“going round（for votes）（为选票）四方奔走”→] n.① desire to be successful强烈欲望：He is filled with ambition to become famous.他一心想成名。② object of such desire 追求的目标，抱负：She realized her ambitions.她实现了自己的抱负。
▽ambitionless [ambition;-less a.] a.无抱负的
exit [ex-=out出；it=to go走→]Ⅰv. go out出去，离去：He exited in a hurry.他匆匆离去。→Ⅱn.① departure出去，离去：The actor made a graceful exit.演员优雅地退场。② way out出口：Exit doors must open outwards.太平门必须朝外开。
transit [trans-=across穿过；it=to go走→“to go across走过”→]Ⅰv. pass across or through通过，越过：Only small ships can transit the canal.只有小船能通过运河。Ⅱn.① the act of going across or through通过，越过：Transit across the bridge is dangerous.过那座桥有危险。② the act of carrying across运输：The goods were damaged in transit.货物在运输途中受损。
▽transition [transit;-ion n.] n.过渡，过渡时期；转变，变迁
transitive [transit;-ive a.] a.过渡的；转变的；[语]及物的
transitory [transit;-ory a.] a.短暂的，昙花一现的；无常的
circuit [circu=ring圆环；it=to go→“going along a ring沿圆环走”→] n.① round about movement环行：We made a circuit of the lake.我们绕湖走了一圈。② line enclosing an area周线，范围：a 40-kilometer circuit of mountains四十公里方圆的山区③ path of electric current电路：short circuit短路
▽circuitous [circuit;-ous a.] a.迂回的，绕行的；曲折的
circuity [circuit;-y n.] n.曲折性；迂回，拐弯抹角的行动
circuitry [circuit;-ry n.] n.电路系统；电路元件总称
initial [in-=in入；it=to go走；-i-;-al a.=of……的→“of going in刚走进的”→]Ⅰa. of or at the beginning开始的，最初的：He failed in his initial attempts.他初试即败。→Ⅱn. the first letter of one's name首字母：He signed with his initials.他用首字母签名。
▽initialism [initial n.;-ism n.] n.首字母缩略词
initialize [initial a.-ize v.] v.（计算机）预置
initiate [in-=in入；it=to go走；-i-;-ate v.=to make使→“to make to go in使走进去”→] v.① set going;begin发起；开始：to initiate a new programme of reform 开始实施新的改革方案。② introduce into membership介绍（入会）：The old members initiate the new ones.老会员引进新会员。③ intrduce into knowledge传授，使初步了解：The book initiated him into foreign trade.该书教他外贸的基本知识。
▽initation [initat(e);-ion n.] n.开始，发起；入会；传授
initiator [initiat(e);-or n.] n.创始人，发起者；传授者
initiative [initiat(e);-ive a.] a.开始的 n.倡议；首创精神
sedition [sed-(se-)=apart离；it=to go走；-ion n.=-ing表行为→“going apart走开，脱离”→] n. speech or action causing rebellion煽动叛乱的言行：He was charged with sedition.他被控犯有煽动叛乱罪。
▽seditionary [sedition;-ary n.] n.煽动分子
seditionist [sedition;-ist n.] n.煽动叛乱者
seditious [sed-;it;-ious a.] a.煽动叛乱的；煽动性的
obit [ob-=away离开；it=to go走→“going away or passing away离去，去世”→] n. ceremony in memory of the anniversary of one's death周年祭礼：They hold a simple obit to remember him.他们召开了一个简朴的周年祭礼来追思他。
▽obituary [obit;-u-;-ary n. ] n.讣告
obituarist [obituar(y);-ist n.] n.讣告作者
