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英语词根——练习45:

所属教程:英语四级词汇

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2020年04月04日

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2021大学英语四级英语词根练习100天(汇总)

   1. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。

   ① ambitious       a.有野心的;有抱负的

   ② transitory       b.开始的;入门的

   ③ initiatory       c.煽动叛乱的

   ④ seditionary      d.关于死亡的,讣告的

   ⑤ obituary       e.短暂的;昙花一现的

   2. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。

   ① ambit n.界线;范围;领域;涉及面

   ② coition n.性交(提示:co-=with)

   ③ preterit(e) n.过去时

   preterition n.省略,不提;忽略,遗漏(提示:preter-=past)

   ④ adit n.进口,入口;进入,到达(提示:ad-=to)

   3. [节外生枝]下列单词也是it的同根词,只是词根发生较大的变化。

   ① itinerate v.巡回,巡游[it→itiner]

   itinerant a.巡回的,巡游的 n.巡回者

   itinerancy n.巡回,巡游

   itinerary n.旅程;路线;旅行计划

   ② perish v.丧生;消亡;腐败,腐烂[it→ish]

   perishable a.易腐败的;易死的;易消亡的

   ③ transience n.短暂,倏忽;无常[it→i]

   transient a.短暂的,倏忽的;无常的

   ④ issue v.流出,出来,发出;发行[it→iss]

   issuer n.发行者,发行人

   46. jac, ject [L]=to throw投掷

   词根jac和ject是同源的,它们都来自拉丁动词jacere,意思相当于to throw(投掷)。其中,jac是不定式词干,在英语中派生词较少;ject是动名词词干,有较强的派生能力。

   adjacent [ad-=to, next to向,靠近;jac=to throw投;-ent a.=-ing……的→“being thrown to something,or lying next to it被投向某物的,靠近某物放置的”→] a. situated or located near one another;adjoining邻近的;毗连的:adjacent troops友邻部队

   ▽adjacency [ad-;jac;-ency n.] n.毗邻;接近;邻接物

   inject [in-=into入;jest=to throw投→“to throw or shoot into投入或射入”→] v. shoot or force some fluid or drug into the body with a syringe注射:The nurse injected penicillin for him.护士给他打了青霉素。

   ▽injection [inject;-ion n.] n.注射;针剂

   project [pro-=forward向前;ject=to throw投射→]Ⅰv. throw forward投掷,发射:to project a guided missile发射导弹→Ⅱn. something put forth or proposed;plan提出或规划的事;计划:a project for developing local industry发展地方工业的规划

   ▽projector [project v.;-or n.] n.放映机;计划人

   projectile [project v.;-ile a./n.] a.抛射的 n.抛射体

   eject [e-(ex-)=out出;ject=to throw投→“to throw out扔出去,抛弃”→] v. cast out;expel逐出;驱逐:He was ejected from the country.他被驱逐出国。

   ▽ejector [eject;-or n.] n.驱逐者;喷射器

   ejective [eject;-ive a.] a.喷出的;逐出的

   reject [re-=back回;ject=to throw投→“to throw back something given or unneeded抛回所给的或不需要的东西”→] v.① refuse to accept拒受,抵制:to reject an offer of help拒绝别人的帮助② throw away;put aside抛弃;剔除:to reject weak seeds剔除不好的种子

   ▽rejectee [reject;-ee n.] n.被拒绝者;遭剔除者

   rejector [reject;-or n.] n.拒绝者;抛弃者

   adjective [ad-=to向;ject=to throw投;-ive a.=being……的→“being thrown to a main body被投向主体的”→]Ⅰa.① added;dependent添加的;从属的:adjective dyes间接染料② added to noun as to qualify it修饰名词的;形容词的:an adjective phrase形容词短语→Ⅱn. word added to a noun to qualify it形容词:attributive adjective定语性形容词

   ▽adjectival [adjectiv (e) n.;-al a.] a.形容词的

   object [ob-=in the way of在……的面前;ject=to throw投→“something thrown in one's way被投放在眼前的物体”→] n.① things observed or material things客观物;物体:shining objects发光体② things aimed at, or purpose目的物;对象:an object of study研究对象③ word or group of words aimed at by a verb or preposition(动词或介词的)宾语:the object of a transitive verb及物动词的宾语

   ▽objective [object;-ive a.] a.客观的;宾语的

   objectify [object;-ify v.] v.使客观化;使具体化

   subject [sub-=under在……之下;ject=to throw 投→“to throw under one's control投在某人控制之下”→]Ⅰv. throw or bring under control使受制,使隶属:Accient Rome subjected most of Europe to her rule.古罗马帝国使欧洲大部分臣属于它。→Ⅱa. subordinate从属的:a subject state属国→Ⅲ n.① one who is subject to a sovereign臣民:the subjects of a king国王的臣民② that which subjects the purpose of speaking or writing主题;题目:the subject of conversation谈话的主题③ the part in a sentence which subjects主语:“I”is the subject in“I see the cat”.“I”是“I see the cat”的主语。

   ▽subjective [object;-ive a.] a.主语的;主观的

   deject [de-=down下;ject=to throw or cast投,抛→“to cast down in spirit情绪抛落下去”→] v. discourage;make sad or gloomy使沮丧;使气馁:She looked dejected.她显得垂头丧气的。

2021大学英语四级英语词根练习100天(汇总)


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