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秃头,为啥秃的都差不多呢

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2018年06月12日

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You've seen the commercials or spotted it on your nearest and dearest — the loss of hair on the front or top of a head while a fringe remains around the chrome dome. Male pattern baldness (MPB), known in scientific circles as androgenetic alopecia, is responsible for more than 95 percent of male hair loss. Indeed, MPB affects around 50 million American men, with more than half of men over 50 reporting at least some hair loss, a risk that only increases with age. So, with such a great number of people affected, why is the baldness pattern generally the same?

你肯定见过秃头,不管是在广告上还是身边的人身上——头顶或额头上方的头发掉光了,只剩下边缘还有一圈头发。男性脱发有95%是雄激素性脱发造成的。在美国,有5000万男性受它影响;50岁以上男性中,脱发的人超过了一半,随着年龄增长,秃头的风险只会越来越高。那么,既然秃头的男性这么多,秃了的头顶为什么看上去都大同小异呢?

秃头,为啥秃的都差不多呢

Hair loss is complicated, and scientists are still trying to work out the bugs on why and how it happens. Pretty much all of them agree that MPB is usually genetic. Typically, loss begins above both temples, receding until a characteristic "M" pattern emerges. Often, but not always, the crown also starts to lose hair. This is likely due to changes in how the body processes certain androgens, the male sex hormones. In fact, men with MPD actually inherited a genetic sensitivity to the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This sensitivity causes hair follicles to miniaturize, which shortens their life span and eventually leads them to stop growing hair. The areas most often affected by miniaturization are – you guessed it – the crown and frontal hairline.

脱发的原因很复杂,有一些问题科学家也还没搞清楚。但很多人都认为雄激素性脱发跟遗传基因有关。首先,头发一般会从两侧太阳穴上方开始脱发,最后发际线会变成一个经典的“M”字。接着开始脱发的一般是头顶。这种脱发模式可能与身体处理雄性激素的方式有关。事实上,患有雄激素性脱发的男性携带了对雄激素二轻睾酮非常敏感的基因,导致毛囊缩小、毛囊寿命缩短,最后无法再长出头发。而毛囊最容易缩小的部位刚好就是头顶和前面的发际线。

"Many men have frontal hairline recession only. Others will have thinning in the vertex (crown) of the scalp. Many times, both happen at the same time," says Dr. Amy McMichael with the Wake Forest Department of Dermatology in an email interview. "The order is predicted by genetics and each person has slightly different genetics that determine when hair will begin to thin and how severe hair loss will be."

有些男性老了之后只会出现发际线后退现象,也有人是头顶脱发,但大多数时候,这两者是同时发生的。威克森林皮肤科的Amy McMichael博士在一次电子邮件采访中说。这两个部位的脱发顺序是由基因决定的,每个人的基因都有些微不同,因此开始脱发的时间和脱发严重程度也不一样。

"The reason why men do not lose hair in the posterior scalp is that these follicles are genetically programmed to be stem cells and do not shed," emails Dr. Marc Glashofer, a board-certified dermatologist and hair loss expert practicing in Northern New Jersey. "This is why hair transplants harvest the hair from the back of the scalp."

”而头部后方之所以不会脱发,是因为那里的毛囊是由干细胞组成的,并不会脱落。”一位在新泽西北部执业的皮肤病专家和脱毛专家Marc Glashofer博士表示。也正是因为如此,植发是通过移植后脑勺的头发实现的。

Scientists are using this knowledge to develop more effective treatments to slow or stop hair loss. Currently, only two treatments are approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Minoxidil (brand name Rogaine) is applied topically, directly to the scalp to stimulate hair follicles. It has shown some success at slowing hair loss, even helping to re-grow hair. The other option is Finasteride (Propecia), which is taken orally to limit or production of the disruptive androgen DHT, which slows hair loss and promotes hair growth. The drug has had a higher success rate than minoxidil.

科学家正利用这一点研究治疗或延缓脱发的更有效疗法。目前,得到美国FDA认证的药物只有两种。一是敏乐啶(minoxidil),可以直接外用与头皮,能够延缓脱发速度,甚至促进头发再生长。另一种则是非那雄胺(finasteride),可以通过口服抑制脱发,这种药的成功率比敏乐啶更高。


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