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在家多放书有益健康

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2018年11月06日

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在家多放书有益健康
People who buy more books than they can possibly read can now use science to justify their spending sprees. As Pacific Standard reports, new research confirms that people who grow up with books at home tend to have higher reading comprehension and better mathematical and digital communication skills.

那些买的书太多可能读不完的人,现在能用科学证据证明他们的疯狂消费有道理了。《太平洋标准》报道称,一项新研究证实那些成长于家里有很多书的人,通常阅读理解能力更高,并且沟通能力更强。

But how many books is enough to make a difference? The magic number seems to be above 80, according to a team of researchers led by senior sociology lecturer Joanna Sikora of Australian National University. Those who had around 80 books at home tended to have average scores for literacy—defined as "the ability to read effectively to participate in society and achieve personal goals”—while owning fewer than 80 books was associated with below-average literacy. Literacy continued to improve as the number of books increased to about 350, at which point the literacy rates remained steady.

那么家里要有多少本书才足以带来这样的差距呢?这一神奇的数据似乎在80本以上,这是澳大利亚国立大学社会学高级讲师Joanna Sikora的研究结果。那些家里有八十本左右书籍的人,通常读写能力的平均分数更高,这种能力被定义为“通过有效阅读参与社交并达到个人目标”的能力。与此同时,那些拥有的书数目少于80本的人,通常读写能力平均分更低。当一个人拥有的书数目增加至350本之前,他们的读写能力还会持续提升;350本之后,人们的读写能力会趋于稳定。

Their findings are based on comprehensive surveys taken between 2011 and 2015 by the Programme for the International Assessment of Competencies. Respondents were between the ages of 25 and 65, and they came from 31 countries, including the U.S. and Canada. First, they were asked to estimate how many books they had at home when they were 16 years old. After racking their brains for a mental image of their childhood libraries, they were tested for reading comprehension, their understanding of common mathematical concepts, and their ability to use digital technology as a communication tool. The results showed a positive correlation between these skill sets and having books at home.

他们的发现基于2011年至2015年期间进行的国际人力评估项目的综合调查结果。受访者的年龄在25岁至65岁之间,他们来自31个国家,包括美国和加拿大。首先,他们被要求估计自己在16岁时家里有多少本书。受访者在拷问了他们对童年的记忆之后,他们被要求测试他们的阅读理解能力、他们对普通数学概念的理解以及他们利用数字技术作为交流工具的能力。结果显示这些技能和家里有书之间存在着积极联系。

"Growing up with home libraries boosts adult skills in these areas beyond the benefits accrued from parental education, or [one's] own educational or occupational attainment," the researchers wrote in their paper, published in the journal Social Science Research.

该研究被发表在《社交科学研究》期刊上。研究人员们在研究中写道:“在成长过程中,家里的书能够提升成年人在这些方面的能力,它们带来的好处远远超过家庭教育或者一个人的自学又或者是职业成就带来的好处。”

The greatest impact, not surprisingly, was seen in the area of reading comprehension. Likewise, a 20-year study from 2010 suggested that access to a home library impacts a child’s educational attainment just as much as their parents’ occupations and education levels. Researchers aren’t sure if digital books will have the same positive effects if they eventually outnumber printed materials, but the team behind this latest study did point out that “home library size is positively related to higher levels of digital literacy.”

毫不意外的是,书籍带来的最大影响在阅读理解方面。同样的,一项来自2010年、历时20年的研究认为家里的书籍影响着孩子的教育成就,这种影响同孩子父母的职业和受教育程度带来的影响一样深远。研究人员们不确定电子书是否会有同样积极的影响,不过研究团队指出人们家中书籍的数量与更高的数位素养(是运用电脑及网络资源的能力)之间存在着积极的联系。


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