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海鲜爱好者可能在吃假鱼

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2019年11月09日

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Seafood lovers could be eating counterfeit fish

海鲜爱好者可能在吃假鱼

This is no post-Halloween prank — that swordfish you’re eating may be a shark in disguise.

这不是万圣节后的恶作剧——你吃的旗鱼可能是伪装的鲨鱼。

Thanks to a new genetic testing technique developed for the world’s fisheries, Italian researchers have estimated that 15 percent of all swordfish on the market is actually shark, specifically shortfin mako or blue shark, according to new research published in the journal Foods.

根据发表在《食品》(Foods)杂志上的一项新研究,得益于一项为全球渔业开发的新基因检测技术,意大利研究人员估计,市场上所有剑鱼中有15%实际上是鲨鱼,特别是短鳍鲭鱼或蓝鲨。

And it’s not just sharks sneaking onto our plates.

不仅仅是鲨鱼偷偷溜进了我们的盘子。

A 2019 report by seafood watchdog group Oceana found that 21 percent of the seafood in the United States is being served under a fake identity — with sea bass, snapper, halibut, flounder, sole, lobster, catfish and scallops being the most commonly mislabeled foods.

海鲜监督组织Oceana在2019年的一份报告中发现,美国有21%的海鲜是用假身份供应的,其中,海鲈鱼、鲷鱼、大比目鱼、各种比目鱼、龙虾、鲶鱼和扇贝是最常见的贴错标签的食物。

海鲜爱好者可能在吃假鱼

Experts warn that the practice of passing off one fish for another can have a severe impact on biodiversity, and poses a threat to already over-fished species.

专家警告说,用一条鱼冒充另一条鱼的做法会严重影响生物多样性,并对已经过度捕捞的物种构成威胁。

In the new study, scientists at the University of Catania in Sicily found that a DNA verification system, called COIBar–RFLP, could help reduce fish fraud. In the past, this method, referred to as genetic “barcoding,” was too time consuming and limited in its scope of aquatic species to make a big impact on the global fish supply. That might explain why the US, which imports 90 percent of its seafood, verifies just a mere one percent of its total intake.

在这项新的研究中,西西里卡塔尼亚大学的科学家们发现,一种名为COIBar-RFLP的DNA验证系统可以帮助减少鱼类欺诈。过去,这种被称为遗传“条形码”的方法耗时太长,而且其水生物种范围有限,无法对全球鱼类供应产生重大影响。这或许可以解释,为什么美国进口了90%的海鲜,却只验证了其总摄入量的1%。

However, researchers are improving the barcoding technique by narrowing their focus on the cytochrome oxidase I gene, which is considered unique enough across species to be a reliable indicator of fish type. Analyzing shorter sections of DNA should add to the database used to authenticate fish.

然而,研究人员正在改进条形码技术,缩小他们对细胞色素氧化酶I基因的关注范围。细胞色素氧化酶I基因被认为是一种独特的跨物种的基因,是鱼类类型的可靠指标。分析较短的DNA片段应该添加到用于鉴定鱼的数据库中。

The COIBar–RFLP method is also more efficient. While conventional DNA sequencing costs about $19 per sample and takes 24 hours to complete, the new test would only cost $11 and deliver results in just seven hours. Scientists also say the cost should decrease further over time.

COIBar-RFLP方法也更有效。传统的DNA测序每个样本的成本约为19美元,需要24小时才能完成,而新的检测只需11美元,只需7小时就能得出结果。科学家还表示,随着时间的推移,成本应该会进一步降低。


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