科学家说，葡萄干很“脏”，含有大量杀虫剂

科学家说，葡萄干很“脏”，含有大量杀虫剂

Love them or hate them, raisins tend to be a polarizing snack, but there’s one thing we can agree on: they’re dirty.

不管你喜欢还是讨厌葡萄干，葡萄干都是一种让人爱恨分明的零食，但有一件事我们可以达成共识:葡萄干很脏。

Shoppers would be hard-pressed to find a way to avoid pesticides on their fresh fruits and vegetables since nearly 70% of all produce sold in the U.S. contains pesticide residues, according to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), which just released its annual Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce.

美国环境工作组(EWG)刚刚发布了一年一度的《农产品中农药购物者指南》(Shopper'S Guide to Discriminations in Products)，该工作组称，由于在美国销售的所有农产品中有近70%含有农药残留，购物者很难找到避免在新鲜水果和蔬菜上使用农药的方法。

Using test data from the Department of Agriculture, the EWG is able to analyze to what degree fresh fruits and vegetables are contaminated with pesticide residues. But this year, their updated guidelines — which include their notorious “Dirty Dozen ” and “Clean Fifteen” lists — put the spotlight on raisins. They found that 99% of the dried fruit tested had residues of at least two pesticides. Even the organic variety, presumably produced with fewer chemicals, was packed with pesticides at a rate of 91%.

利用农业部的检测数据，EWG能够分析新鲜水果和蔬菜被农药残留污染的程度。但今年，他们更新的指南——包括臭名昭著的“十二种肮脏食品”和“十五种干净食品”——将注意力放在了葡萄干上。他们发现99%被检测的干果至少有两种农药残留。即使是有机品种，大概是用更少的化学物质生产的，也有91%的农药残留。

“If we included raisins in our calculations, they would be No. 1 on the Dirty Dozen,” said EWG toxicologist Dr. Thomas Galligan. “Although raisins are a popular snack, consumers concerned about their pesticide consumption may want to consider buying fresh or frozen produce from our Clean Fifteen list instead.”

EWG毒物学家Thomas Galligan博士说：“如果我们把葡萄干计算在内的话，它们将是这十二种肮脏食品之首。”。“虽然葡萄干是一种很受欢迎的零食，但担心农药消费的消费者可能会考虑从我们的15种清洁食品清单中购买新鲜或冷冻食品。”

That advice may be difficult to swallow for some. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, every American consumed an average of 1.25 pounds of raisins in 2017, the latest data available.

对某些人来说，这个建议可能难以接受。据美国农业部(United States Department of Agriculture)提供的最新数据，2017年，每个美国人平均消费1.25磅葡萄干。

Even more worrisome is how the finding might impact kids 15 and under, who reportedly eat some 208 million pounds of the stuff every year, claims Zion Market Research. For example, the insecticide chlorpyrifos, which is known to do damage to children’s nervous systems even at low levels, was found in 5% of conventional raisins and 6% of their organic counterparts, says the EWG.

更令人担忧的是，这一发现可能会对15岁及以下的儿童产生影响，据报道，这些儿童每年都要吃大约2.08亿磅葡萄干。EWG称，假如杀虫剂毒死蜱在5%的传统葡萄干和6%的有机葡萄干中被发现，即使在较低水平，也会对儿童的神经系统造成损害。

“Infants, babies and young children are exquisitely vulnerable to even low levels of pesticide exposure, so it’s important parents and caregivers take steps to safeguard children from these chemicals while also providing them diets rich in healthy fruits and vegetables,” said Dr. Philip Landrigan, a pediatric epidemiologist whose work on how pesticides impact infants and children helped inspire the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act.

儿童流行病学家Philip Landrigan博士说：“婴儿、幼儿和儿童极易受到低水平农药的侵害，因此父母和护理者必须采取措施，保护儿童免受这些化学物质的侵害，同时为他们提供富含健康水果和蔬菜的饮食。”杀虫剂对婴儿和儿童的影响，助推了1996年的《食品质量保护法》。

This isn’t the first time raisins have come under fire in the US. Last year, the Food and Drug Administration recalled Deshi-brand dried white grapes for containing undeclared sulfites, which could cause a deadly allergic reaction for some.

这不是葡萄干第一次在美国受到攻击。去年，美国食品药品监督管理局召回德西牌干白葡萄，原因是其中含有未申报的亚硫酸盐，可能会对一些人造成致命的过敏反应。