雅思听力选择题老出错？罪魁祸首或许是它
在雅思听力考试中，同义替换的出现形式有多种，我们主要介绍两种：
①单词或词组的同义替换;
②句式的同义替换。
雅思听力同义替换之单词或词组
单词或词组的同义替换主要是指某个单词或者词组在录音中以一种形式出现，在题目的题干或选项中却以相同意义的另一种形式出现。单词的同义替换主要包括同一词根衍生出的不同词性词语间的替换和异形同义词间的替换。词组的同义替换一般包括两种：一种是同义词组与单词之间的替换，另一种是同义词组之间的替换。下面我们通过具体真题来分析。
In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve
A. confidence.
B. speed.
C. clarity.
录音：
Student: Mm, that sounds good. What are some of the strategies that are presented? Officer: Well, we try to cover all aspects of study.Some of the strategies in writing, for example, wouldbe improving your planning for writing, organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly „
解析：
本题的正确答案是选项C。正确答案在选项中以clear的名词形式(clarity)出现，而在录音中却以副词的形式(clearly)出现。有的考生即使在录音中听出了clearly，但因为不熟悉clarity的意思，不知道其是clearly的同义替换，所以最后选错了答案。
Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because (选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3)
A. he has done his own research in the area.
B. there is geological evidence of this.
C. it is very close to South America.
录音：
Interviewer: How old is Antarctica?
Doctor: We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the
continent 170 million years ago.
Interviewer: How can you be certain of this?
Doctor: „ because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.
解析：
本题的正确答案是选项B，解题关键是考生能听出录音中的fossils and rocks和
选项B中的geological evidence属于同义替换。从语义上来说，这属于归纳总结性的词组同义替换，即录音中为举例，题目中出现的词汇为总结概括。很多考生在做这道题时都出现了错误，主要原因是把录音中的Africa and Australia听成了America，错选了选项C，或者即使听到了fossils and rocks，但没有将其理解为geological evidence的同义替换，结果选错了答案。
雅思听力考试的考查目的之一是培养考生多样化的语言表达能力，所以正确选项中往往不会出现原词重现的现象。所以，考生要知道“听到什么要慎选什么”的道理，不能在录音中听到什么就选什么。同时，考生还要明白雅思听力考试题目的题干和选项中出现的往往是学术词汇，而考生听到的录音则是口语化表达，所以结果就是复杂的题目词汇对应录音中简单的口语表达，比如本题中geological evidence是典型的学术用语，而与之对应的fossil和rock是相对简单的口语表达。考生了解了这一点，就需要在平时练习中多注意对学术词汇的认知性记忆，多训练对口语化词汇的反应敏感度。
雅思听力同义替换之句式
在雅思听力考试中，除了单词或词组的同义替换外，还会出现句式上的同义替换。当发生句式的同义替换时，句子形式变动较大，考生把握起来会有些难度。
23. The purpose of the Visitor’s Centre is to (选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3)
A. provide accommodation.
B. run training session.
C. show people what Antarctica is like.
录音：
Interviewer: Really? And what does the Visitor’s Centre offer?
Doctor: Well „ the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica. There’s a mock camp
site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there „
解析：
不少考生听完这道题的录音后， 选出的答案是选项A 。原因是在录音中听到了选项A 中accommodation的同义词sleeping there。这些考生没有注意到录音中sleeping there前还有一个动词imagine。原文的意思是说想象你睡在里面，并非真的是让你睡进去。在这道题中，同义替换的出现也成了干扰选项。本题的正确答案是选项C。考生在答题时需注意题干中的关键词purpose，在这个词的提示下，考生在听录音时要重点听对话中表目的的内容。录音中是“the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctic”来表示访问中心的功能，这句话不但与“题干+正确选项”的用词不同，连句式表达也变了样：“„ aims to do sth.”变成了“The purpose of „ is to do sth.”。
这样的同义替换理解起来有一定难度。这就需要考生在做题时多注意录音和题目各选项之间在句式方面的变化。
另附雅思听力高频替换词
1、解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2、损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3、给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4、培养：Develop, cultivate, foster
5、优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9、认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10、保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11、确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15、导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17、增长至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to
18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to
19、保持稳定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out
20、急剧地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably
