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时代经典用词科技篇 电脑

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anonymous remailer
匿名转信站

Known technically as an anonymous remailer,it is the network equivalent of a Swiss bank:a conduit by which users can ship data around the world in complete anonymity.
这个在电脑术语上称为匿名转信站的设施,其实就相当于网络上的瑞士银行:它提供了一个渠道,让使用者可以在完全匿名的情况下在全球各地传送资料。

The need for anonymous remailers stems from the design of the Internet,which tags every packet of data with an electronic address so it can be returned or resent if something goes wrong in transit.
匿名转信站之所以出现,归因于国际互联网络的设计——网络上每笔资料都会附上电子邮件地址,以备传送有误时可退回或重寄。

Atlas
图集导览器

Atals may be gigantic(it's quarter of the size of Windows 95),but it has been engineered to run faster.
图集可能是个庞大的程式(大约是Windows 95的1/4)但是它经过巧妙的设计使执行速度更快。

Test drives last week were speedy but also very crash prone-par for most alpha tests.
上周公布的测试版速度很快,但是也很容易造成锁机——算是达到了大部分测试版程序的水准。

Netscape escalated the battle with Microsoft for the soul of the Internet last week by quietly offering Web surfers a preview of a superbrowser,code-named Atlas.
上星期网际公司悄悄公开了其代号为图集的超级导览器,让全球信息网的网络客得以抢先一睹,此举升高了其与微软公司为争夺国际互联网主导权的竞争

BBS
电子布告栏

The casual visitor to the newsgroups on the Usenet(a bulletin-board system that began as a competitor to the Internet but has been largely subsumed by it)will discover discussion groups.
偶尔进入网络新闻(这是一个电子布告栏,刚开始时是要与国际互联网相抗衡的,但现在几乎都被子国际互联网收编了)信息的用户可以找到一些讨论范围。

Bored with channel surfing and unable yet to return to running,I borrowed a PC from the office,hooked up a modem and began to check out the local computer bulletin board(BBS)scene.
猛按选台器,游走于各电视频道上,觉得索然无味,而身体又未康复到可以出去跑跑,于是我从公司借了一台个人电脑,连上数据机,开始在本地的电子布告栏上查阅。

cybersalon
网络咖啡厅

Cybersalons bridge the gap between computer literates and illiterates,explains Andre Couchard,co-founder of the nonprofit organization that runs Cyber B@r de I'Amour Fou in Brussels.
布鲁塞尔一家非营利机构在经营“爱的傻瓜网络酒吧”。创始人之一的高查德说,网络咖啡厅提供了电脑专家和电脑文盲一个沟通的渠道。

cyberspace
网络世界

Such assaults are most likely to injure the large service providers,sober institutions more culrturally attuned to their governmental attackers than the info-guerrillas of cyberspace.
这些攻击手段最可能打击到的是那些大型的服务供应者,他们都是比较听从政府指示的正派机构。网络世界里打游击猎取信息的小型业者比较不受影响。

As Valentine's Day rolls around this week,love is booming in yet another and far less likely spot:cyberspace.
本周,又到了一年一度的情人节,而爱情却在另一个几乎不可能发生的地方绽放开来,那就是:网络世界。

DRAM
动态随机访问存储器

The companies will create a joint verture that will manufacture and sell dynamis random-access memory chips using IBM technology.
这些电脑公司将要合资设立一家公司,利用IBM的技术,来制造及贩卖动态随机访问存储器晶片。

expert system
专家系统

A product of research into artificial intelligence,expert systems solve complex problems somewhat like human experts do-by applying rules of thumb.
专家系统是人工智慧研究方面的产品,可以用类似人类专家的方法解决一些复杂的问题——就是利用经验法则。

fuzzy logic
模糊逻辑

Fuzzy logic began to find applications in industry in the early'70s,when it was teamed with another form of advanced computer science called the expert system.
1970年代初期,模糊逻辑与另外一种称为专家系统的先进电脑科学结合之后,开始应用于工业上

Suddenly the term fuzzy and products based on principles of fuzzy logic seem to be everywhere in Japan:in television documentaries,in corporate magazine ads and in novel electronic gadgets ranging from computer-controlled air conditioners to golf-swing analyzers.突然间,“模糊”这个名词和以模糊逻辑为基本原则发展出来的产品,似乎充斥日本每个角落:电视记录片、杂志的公司广告、以及从电脑控制冷气机到高尔夫球挥杆分析仪等新奇精巧的电器,都可见到它的踪影。
galinium arsenide
砷化镓
GA is more efficient than silicon in these products because it absorbs less energy;devices made with GA boards suck up less wattage,important for battery power.
用在这些产品中,因为砷化镓吸收的能量比硅来得少,使得砷化镓的效率较佳;用砷化镓板作成的设备消耗的能量较少,这一点对于以电池为能量来源的设备来说相当重要。
geek
骇客,病毒
Glaser's system is not just for geeks;some big-name radio broadcasters have licensed Real Audio tehnology.
葛雷塞的系统不只是针对电脑玩家;有些著名的广播电台也向他申请使用这套“及时广播”技术的授权。
"The geeks are buzzed,"says Dave Winer,a programmer based in California's Silicon Valley and self-described geek."It's like a whole world just opened up to us."
“电脑玩家都醒来了。”大卫•温拿说道,他是美国加州硅谷一名自称为电脑玩家的程序设计师,“这就像是整个世界在我们眼前敞开一样。”
Rosenfeld,and their ilk do not fit the standard image of a hacker:the wealthy,suburban geek who trespasses on computers just for fun.
罗森费尔德和他的同党看起来与一般的骇客形象不合,一般的骇客都是有钱,住在郊区的电脑玩家,侵入他人电脑只是为了好玩。
hacker
电脑窃贼
Federal authorities have warned that hackers can penetrate the Interent's sophisticated security barriers to steal information from companies and universities.
联邦官员警告说,电脑窃贼能够突破国际互联网复杂的安全管制系统,侵入公司及大学窃取资料。
He adheres to a self-styled"hacker ethic,"which justified any computer intrusion as long as the motive is pure.
他坚守自称的“电脑窃贼伦理”,认为只要是动机纯正,任何入侵电脑的行为都是正常的。
By the time he was captured last week in an apartment house in North Carolina,where authorities claim he had as much as $1 million worth of stolen data stashed away,he was s most wanted hacker.
在上星期他于北卡罗来纳州一栋公寓中被捕之前,他是全球首要的电脑窃贼通缉犯。当局宣称他于公寓中藏放了价值高达100万美金的资料赃物。
HTML
超文字编撰语言
So one clear October morning,I presented myself to the supply clerk at the Time Warner company store,filled out a few requisition forms and loaded up my mule:
所以,在10月一个晴朗早晨,我到时代华纳公司的库存仓库找配货员,在填了几张请料单之后,就领到了我要的东西:
a desktop computer,a modem,an HTML for Dummies manual,a mouse,jauntily colored pads for it and the wrists...And rode out to grubstake my future.
一部桌上型电脑、一部数据机、一本“小叮当学超文字编撰语言”手册、一只鼠标、色彩时髦的鼠垫与腕垫……。就这样,我开始创业了。
"Nine months ago,if you could program HTML,you had the hottest ticket in Silicon Valley,"says Paul Saffo."Today it'll get a yawn."
“9个月前,如果你懂得设计超文字编撰语言,你就拥有整个硅谷最抢手的货,可以无往不利,”保罗•萨弗欧说,“今天的话就没人会理你了。”
HTTP
超文字传输通讯协定
I even had a cute name for what I hoped would become the daily dispatch from the front lines of the Internet:the Netly News.
对于这个理想中会成为网络上第一线的每日新闻发送站,我甚至为它取了一个漂亮的名字:“网络新闻”
Intelink
情报环
Intelink operates over the Pentagon's Defense Systems Network,which has its own lines or leases special lines from phone companies to send encrypted messages.
情报环是架构在美国国防部的“国防系统网络”上运作的,这套网络系统有专属的线路或是向电话公司租用专门的线路来传送编码过的讯号。

Today Intelink users can punch up on their computers the most recent satellite photos,as well as thousands of pages of classified reports from various intelligence agencies.
如今情报环的使用者,从自己的电脑上,除了可敲出各情报站数千页的机密报告,还可以得到最新的卫星照片。
Internetphone
国际互联网电话
Last week Motorola,the lead manufacturer of high-speed modems,announced it was including with its 28000-bits-per-second Power Class modems a coupon entitling the buyer to a free copy of Internetphone.
高速数据机制造厂商的龙头老大-摩托罗拉公司上周宣布,将在其传输速度达每秒2.8万单元功率级别的数据机里附上一张赠品券,使用者借此可免费获得一份“国际互联网电话”软件。
Atlas includes an Internetphone that lets users make calls from their PCs.The technology,which digitizes voices and then sends the resulting bits over the Net,aims to make Atlas more essential than Windows.
图集导览器中包括了一个可让使用者从自己的个人电脑拨电脑出去的国际互联网电话。这项技术将声音数据化然后送上网络,其目的在使图集导览器成为比视窗更不可或缺的基本配备。
ISDN
综合服务数字网络
ISDN is the phone industry's grand scheme to be the dominant conduit for every conceivable communications service-from faxes,newspapers and video conferencing to home shopping,radio broadcasts and TV.
综合服务数字网络是电话工业的一项大计划,为所有想得到的通讯服务提供一条大通道。这些通讯服务从传真、报纸、视讯会议,一直到家庭购物、广播、电视无所不包。
[06:14.28]New York City's United Community Organization,an umbrella group of neighborhood settlement houses,in February began installing in its project buildings 200 PCs with ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)connections to the Internet.
纽约市联合社区组织是统筹各乡村社区服务中心的组织,该组织计划将200部结合了综合服务数字网络的个人电脑与国际互联网连网,并于2月开始将电脑安装在新建的社区房舍中。
Jave
爪哇程式语言
Although today Jave matters only to programmers,it could in the next few years shift the balance of power in the entire computer industry,changing not only the cost and shape of the machines on our desktops but also our very concept of what a computer should be.
尽管现在“爪哇”只对程式设计师有影响,但在未来的几年之内,“爪哇”可能会改变整个电脑业的均势,不只改变桌型电脑的价格及外形,连什么叫电脑这种基本观念也会产生变化。
Sun went first,announcing a long list of companies that had agreed to endorse Java,including IBM,Apple,DEC,Adobe,Silicon Graphics,Hewlett Packard,Oracle and Toshiba.
Sun公司首先出击,宣布一长串已经同意要支援“爪哇”发展的公司名单,这些公司包括IBM、苹果电脑、数字设备公司、Adobe、硅谷、惠普、甲骨文及东芝等。
Mitnick affair
米尼克事件
Across the country,computer network security experts,though,were talking a lot last week,calling the entire Mitnick affair a watershed moment-not for what it proves about the hacker but for what it says about the systems he hacked.
全国各地的电脑网络安全专家上个礼拜对此事件多有议论,把整个米尼克事件称为一个转折点-不是因为它让我们更了解米尼克这名电脑窃贼,而是因为它凸显出受侵袭的系统的安全问题。
network(ed) computer
网络电脑
To test his theory,Ellison has commissioned Acorn,a British computer maker,to help design a "networked computer" to his specifications,with a keyboard,a processor,some random-access memory,a communications link and not much else.为了试验他的想法是否可行,艾立森已经委托英国电脑制造厂商“橡实”公司,根据他所提的规格,协助设计一款“网络电脑”,这型电脑配备了键盘、中央处理器、随机存取存储器、一个通讯连接设备,此外就没什么了。
online prank
网络恶作剧
This is a tale about how an online prank grows into an international incident.
这就是个活生生的例子,说明一个网络上的恶作剧如何演变成为一桩国际事件。
Personal Digital Assistant
个人计数辅助器
With profit margins steadily shrinking in the personal-computer business,CEO John Sculley has set out to expand Apple's business into advanced consumer electronics like,

由于个人电脑业的利润日益降低,总裁约翰•史卡利已着手将苹果电脑的业务扩张到先进的消费性电子产品,
CD-ROM players and personal digital assistants,far more powerful versions of the electronic pocket diaries developed by Japan's Casio and Sharp.
如只读存储器光盘和个人计数辅助器;这个个人计数辅助器有如日本卡西欧及夏普公司已开发的电子口袋日记,但功能强大得多。
Called PDAs(personal digital assistants),these wireless,hand-held PCs function as everything from a checkbook organizer to a fax machine.
这种称为个人计数辅助器的无线掌型个人电脑,具有各种功能,从支票簿管理到传真机无所不包。
In many cases,the pen-based devices can even make and take cellular telephone calls.
在许多情况下,这些以手写输入为主的设备甚至还可以当成行动电脑,收发均可。
SATAN
网络安全管理工具
Last Wedensday,on the day that Farmer turned 33,he gave a gift to the computer world:a fiendish little software device called SATAN.
上周三,就在法尔莫33岁生日当天,他送给电脑世界一份小礼物:一个如恶魔般的小程序,名字就叫网络安全管理工具。
Within minutes of its release,traffic started to pile up on the dozen or so computers around the world that Farmer had authorized as SATAN release sites.
上了国际互联网才几分钟,获法尔莫授权为网络安全管理工具发行站的全球约12部电脑,就涌上了许多争取者。
World Wide Web
全球信息网
Hundreds of little Java applications(dubbed"applets")have started to pop up on the World Wide Web,the multimedia portion of the Internet.
在国际互联网当中属于多媒体部分的全球信息网上,已经开始出现了数以百计用“爪哇”编写的小应用程序。
But with a lot of persistence and a little intuition,days of pavement pounding can be reduced to hours or minutes browsing the World Wide Web.
但只要你肯坚持,再加上一点点的直觉,几小时甚至几分钟,就能够在全球信息网上找到原先需要在外奔走多日才能得到的资料。
Welcome,Cybernauts!
网络游侠大集合!
1.Ever since they were first staged in 19th century Europe,world's fairs have enabled people from around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies.
自从19世纪欧洲首席举行世界博览会以来,全球各地已经有许多人借此参观神奇的摊位,发现遥远的国度与新奇的科技。
The 1996 world's fair is no exception,but it also has a decidedly eve-of-the-21st-century twist:the whole event happens in cyberspace.
1996年世界博览会也不例外,但是它加上了一个很有21世纪预感的变奏:整个博览会在网络世界进行。
2.A nonprofit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud,a computer consultant,and Vinton Cerf,an Internet pioneer and telecommunications-company vice president,
卡尔•马拉木德是电脑顾问,文通•瑟夫是国际互联网拓荒者,也是电传通讯公司副总裁,这两位美国人构想出这个非营利的计划。
the Internet 1996 World Exposition is a digital work in progress,a multichambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate throughout the year-and perhaps long after the fair's official close in December.
国际互联网1996世界博览会是一项进行中的数位作业,有许多展示间的公共讨论会场,网络游侠有一整年的时间可以参与建造与更新,甚至可能会延续到12月正式结束之后很久。
3.While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently,as in real fairs,this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast,bustling bazaar,a marketplace for the talents and offerings of thousands of individuals and small groups.
赞助厂商设的高科技摊位固然像在真的博览会中一样占了显著的地位,可是这场虚拟博览会的气氛与实务更接近一个庞大、热闹的商场,展售数以千计个人与小团体的才能与商品。
Anyone with a computer and a moderm can not only "attend" but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multimedia Website.
只要有一部电脑和调制解调器就可以“参加”,甚至也可以自己设计多媒体网址来参展。
Visitors can easily navigate from an introduction to Luddism to an exhibition on the wildlife of the Galapagos Islands and then to a virtual Bengali religious festival.

参观者可以看到一个摊位有关反科技潮流的介绍,然后轻易转到一场加拉帕戈斯群岛野生动物的展览,再去参观虚拟的孟加拉宗教庆典。
4.All the linked sites are supported by Central Park,a global infrastructure of six computer servers-expected to triple to 18 by year's end-
所有连网的网站都由“中央公园”支援,这是6部电脑伺服器构成的全球性基础设施,
located in such cities as Tokyo,Amsterdam,Adelaide and Washington.
分别坐落在东京、阿姆斯特丹、阿德莱德与华盛顿等各大都市。
In addition,Japan boasts "public-access points"-from a group of cybercafes in Tokyo's hip Harajuku area to computer stations at the headquarters of telecommunications giant NTT-where people ff the streets and into the Internet.
此外日本还没有“大众出入口”,民众可以离开街道就走进国际互联网。这些出入口包括东京时髦的原宿区网络咖啡馆,以及电传通讯巨人日本电报电话公司总部的电脑站。
Amsterdamhas a similar setup;more are planned for South Korea and Taiwan.
阿姆斯特丹也有类似的设备,韩国和台湾也在规划中。
5.Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy.
这次博览会能热热闹闹地进行,绝非易事。
Malamud,36,spent the past year shutting among 30 countries,lobbying companies that initially dismissed the project as unwieldy and unworkable.
36岁的马拉木过去一年都在30个国家间穿梭,游说各大公司。起初这些公司都认为他的计划太庞大、不可行,
While some nations immediately supported the idea,others completely missed the point of Malamud's vision:
也有一些国家立即支持这个构想,有些国家则完全没掌握住马拉木梦想中的重点:
to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice.
把博览会办成公共工程计划,焦点在于国际互联网能给专家和新手哪些服务。
Once grass-roots groups started backing the project,though,businesses were not far behind.
到了基层的团体开始支持这项计划时,企业界也很快跟进。
By donating equipment and services,these companies will gain access to millions of potential consumers eager to see the firms' latest technologies.
各大公司损赠设备与服务,为的是能接触到数百万潜在客户——他们都急着想看看这些公司最新的科技。
6.Japanese corporations were quick to seize the chance of putting their technological prowess on show.
日本的公司很快抓住机遇把他们的科技实力公开展出。
Sony,for example,focuses its pavilion on its Cyber Passage software,
例如索尼公司摊位强调其“网络通道”软体,
which can combine three-dimensional images with sound and motion.
它可以组合立体影像与声音、动作。
The technology behind Cyber Passage-similar to that used in the Play Station,Sony's successful new 32-bit video-game player-
“网络通道”用到的技术和新力畅销的新型32单元电视游乐器“游乐站”的技术类似,
may have applications for distributing and playing 3-D games over the Net.
也许可以应用在网络上来传送、执行立体游戏。
7.Since the exposition's Jan.1 launch,as many as 40000 visitors each day from more than 40 countries have tried the major Websites(the main home page is at http://park.org).
自从1月1日推出以来,博览会的主要网站一天能吸引到40多国的4万名参观者(主网页设在http://park.org)。
Most virtual visitors log on from the U.S. and Japan,
大多数的虚拟游客从美国、日本进入,
but the United Arab Emirates,Sweden,Singapore and Estonia have been represented.
可是阿拉伯联合酋长国、瑞典、新加坡与爱沙尼亚也不乏上网者。
Comments logged in the fair's guest book are overwhelmingly positive.
博览会留言簿上的评语绝大多数是好评。
"Wow,the world is shrinking,"wrote a visitor from the Netherlands.
一名荷兰来的参观者留言:“哇!世界变小了。”
8.Since their initial hesitancy,the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companies-
各大赞助公司——主要是电传通讯公司与软件公司——
have become firm believers.

起初还有点迟疑,后来都变成坚信不渝。
Beyond the diversity of content and international scope,the fair is a technological marvel.
这场博览会不仅内容五花八门,涵盖领域无远弗届,在技术方面也是一项奇迹。
A total of $100 million has been contributed toward producing the exposition,$25 million for computer equipment alone.
为了顺利推出博览会,总计捐款达1亿美元,光是电脑设备就值2500万美元。
The central servers have a storage capacity of a terabyte-the quivalent of a million floppy disks.
中央伺服器的储存量高达兆兆字节——相当于100万片软盘。
Says Rob Blokzijl,a nuclear physicist and a member of the exposition's executive committee:
核子物理学家、博览会执行委员会委员罗布•布洛柯锡说:
"To make all those machines work happily together,you need the Internet."
“让那么多机器一起愉快工作,只有靠国际互联网。”
But since the existing international cpabilities of the Internet were inadequate,
可是因为国际互联网现有的国际传输容量不足,
he says,"we built a sort of backstage of our own."
他表示“所以我们自己盖了一个后台。”
9.And that backstage-a high-speed telecommunications pipeline-is the exposition's true showpiece.
那个后台是高速的电传通讯通道,也是博览会真正的明星展示品。
Just as the 1889 Paris Exposition gave rise to the Eiffel Tower,this world's fair will leave behind a structure that embodies its vision of the future:
1889年的巴黎博览会留下了埃菲尔铁塔,这一次的世界博览会也会留下一个结构来代表未来的远景:
a transoceanic "railroad" of high-speed fiber-optic links.
越洋的高速光纤电缆——“铁路”。
MCI and the Japanese telephone company KDD donated an estimated $20 million to the cost of the 45-megabit-per-second data hook-up.
MCI公司和日本电话公司共捐赠约2000万美元来建设这条每秒可传45兆位资料的电缆。
Laid down across the Pacific to connect the U.S. with Aisa and Europe,the pipeline adds speed and quality to audio and video transmission:
这条穿越太平洋,连通美国与欧、亚的通道,增强了音响与视讯的传送速度与品质。
moving from one screen to the next,which may take minutes on a phone circuit,can be done as quickly as switching TV channels with a remote control.
如果用电话线路来换画面,一次要好几分钟。现在可以快到像用遥控器转换电视频道一样。
10.The fastest international link ever installed,this pipeline could be the first step toward laying a permanent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet.
这条通道是历史上最快的国际连线,也是迈出了第一步,将来可能埋下永久性的网线,逐步将世界上每一个国家都直接连入国际互联网中。
The organizers hope that the infrastructure-and awareness-nurtured by this exposition will lauch a boom in Net use.
博览会的规划者希望,此次大会培育出来的基础设施——以及网络意识——可以推动使用网络的新热潮。
"By the end of 1996,"says organizer Cerf,"my hope and expectation is that people will discover there is such a strong business need for it that we'll keep in place."
主事者瑟夫说:“到1996年底,我很希望,也很期待人们会发现我们建立的联网为企业界迫切需要,那么就可以把它留着。”
Malamud puts it in simpler terms:"I want this to be a fairground that goes on forever."
马拉木讲得更简单明了:“我希望它是永不结束的市集。”

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