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外国人最想和你聊的名人话题:霍金

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2018年08月09日

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 About Hawking 关于霍金

     Stephen William Hawking is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and in 2009 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.
     Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for 30 years, taking up the post in 1979 and retiring on 1 October 2009. He is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and a Distinguished Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes. He has also achieved success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; these include the runaway best seller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestsellers list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
     Hawking's key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding gravitational singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation(or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation).
     Hawking has a motor neurone disease that is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a condition that has progressed over the years and has left him almost completely paralyzed.
     霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才,也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。患有肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症的他,近乎全身瘫痪,不能发音,但1988年仍出版《时间简史》,至今已出售逾2500万册,成为全球最畅销的科普著作之一。
     霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的,在科学成就上,他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务,那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位,是皇家学会会员。霍金教授是现代科普小说家,他的代表作是1988年撰写的《时间简史》,这是一篇优秀的天文科普小说。作者想象丰富,构思奇妙,语言优美,字字珠玑,更让人咋惊,世界之外,未来之变,是这样的神奇和美妙。这本书至今累计发行量已达2500万册,被译成近 40种语言。1992年耗资350万英镑的同名电影问世。霍金坚信关于宇宙的起源和生命的基本理念可以不用数学来表达,世人应当可以通过电影--这一视听媒介来了解他那深奥莫测的学说。本书是关于探索时间本质和宇宙最前沿的通俗读物,是一本当代有关宇宙科学思想最重要的经典著作,它改变了人类对宇宙的观念。本书一出版即在全世界引起巨大反响。




     Hawking moved on to study cosmology.
     霍金继续研究宇宙论。
     The next step is to look for Hawking phonons.
     下一步是寻找霍金声子。
     On Hawking's trip, the jet will make a single plunge.
     在霍金的此次行程里,飞机只会进行一次俯冲。
     Hawking maintains a positive outlook on the world, his life.
     霍金还保持着积极的世界观和人生观。
     Hawking is recognized as one of the world's leading theoretical physicists.
     霍金被认为是世界上最主要的理论物理学家之一。
     In fact, it makes further predictions for the fine structure of Hawking radiation.
     事实上,它还对霍金辐射的精细结构做了更进一步的预测。
     Hawking was inspired by his mathematics teacher and found his love for mathematics.
     霍金受到数学老师的启发并发现了自己对数学的热爱。
     Moreover, it might even allow for experimental observation of a Hawking-like phenomenon.
     而且,它说不定可让类霍金现象的实验观测成真。
     Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford.
     霍金抱着去牛津学习自然科学的目的参加了奖学金考试。
     Hawking has questioned the way that people think about the world in terms of theories of space and time.
     霍金对人们根据时间和空间论考虑世界的方法产生了质疑。
     Unless the hole swallows matter or energy to make up the loss, the Hawking radiation will drain it of all its mass.
     除非黑洞吞噬新物质或新能量来弥补损失,要不然霍金辐射会把它所有的质量洩漏个精光。
     The result is the same as the temperature that Hawking computed by very different means.
     他们的结果,和霍金用很不一样的方法算出来的温度相同。
     Applied to real black holes, the fluid analogy lends confidence that Hawking's result is correct despite the simplifications he made.
     应用在真正的黑洞上,流体类比为霍金所得结果的正确性增添了信心,尽管霍金做了不少简化。
     Proving his theory by observing actual Hawking radiation from a black hole in outer space has therefore remained a practical impossibility.
     因此,通过从外空的一个黑洞来观察实际的霍金辐射来证明其理论的正确性,就成了在实践上一个不可能完成的任务。
     Black holes are predicted to emit Hawking radiation, named after Stephen W. Hawking of the University of Cambridge, who discovered this result.
     剑桥大学的霍金预测黑洞会放出辐射,这些来自黑洞的辐射有一定的温度。
     The proof, says Hawking, lies in the Global Positioning System satellite network, which in addition to helping us navigate on Earth, reveals that time runs faster in space.
     霍金说,这些证据位于全球定位系统的卫星网络,这种卫星网络除了帮助我们地球上的导航之外,还显示时间在太空中的运行速度的谎言。
     These particles, the bulk of which are photons (the particles of light), make up Hawking radiation.
     能最终组成光子(光粒子)的这些粒子就形成了霍金辐射。
     They were rooted in Euclidean quantum gravity, a research program initiated at the end of the 1970s and popularized by physicist Hawking's best-selling book A Brief History of Time.
     它们根源于欧几里得量子重力,这是一个起始于1970年代末期的研究概念,后来因物理学家霍金的畅销书《时间简史》而开始普及。
     Brief History of Time by the great British physicist Stephen Hawking is one of the classics of the universe.
     英国伟大的物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金撰写的《时间简史》是一本有关宇宙学的经典著作。
     Hawking is confined to a wheelchair by motor neuron disease, MND.
     霍金教授由于运动神经元病而困坐轮椅。
     Hawking was commenting using a muscle below his right eye to operate-via a switch on his glasses-his voice synthesizer.
     霍金用右眼下的肌肉,透过眼镜上的开关,操作他的发声合成器发表这项意见。
     In 1974 Stephen Hawking, had a startling theoretical insight about black holes.
     1974年,斯蒂芬·霍金提出了一个关于黑洞的理论性理解。




     Mike: What are you reading?
     麦克:你在读什么?
     Daisy: I am reading the "Brief History of Time".
     黛西:我在看《时间简史》
     Mike: Can you understand it?
     麦克:你能看懂吗?
     Daisy: Well most of it, it was written in plain language.黛西:大部分可以看懂,它是用平实的语言写的。
     Mike: The author is Stephern Hawking right?
     麦克:作者是斯蒂芬·霍金,对吗?
     Daisy: Yes, he is the most famous scientist now.
     黛西:是的,他是现在最出名的科学家了。
     Mike: It is a pity of him to be paralyzed.
     麦克:可惜他是残疾人。
     Daisy: Yes, but it does not affect his thought.
     黛西:是的,但这并没有影响他的思维。
     Mike: And he is a very positive person.
     麦克:而且他是个很乐观的人。
     Daisy: I heard he can even dance on the wheelchair.
     黛西:我听说他甚至可以坐着轮椅跳舞。
     Mike: I also read about it, it's amazing.
     麦克:我也看过这个,太神奇了。
     Daisy: I hope to see him in person.
     黛西:我很想见到他本人。
     Mike: You can invite him to give a lecture here.
     麦克:你可以请他来做讲座。
     Daisy: I don't know whether he is willing to come.
     黛西:我不知道他是不是愿意来。
     Mike: You can have a try.
     麦克:你可以试一试。
    

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