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外国人最想和你聊的文化话题:极限运动

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2018年12月01日

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 Realize Extreme Sports 认识极限运动

     1 什么是极限运动?
     An extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure sport) is a popular term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent danger, and that are counter-cultural. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion, and highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts.
     The definition of an extreme sport is not exact - for example, although studies show that (road) cycling ranks as the sport with the highest number of injuries; it is not considered an extreme sport because it is not counter-cultural. The term's origin is also unclear, but it gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games.
     While use of the term "extreme sport" has spread far and wide to describe a multitude of different activities, exactly which sports are considered "extreme" is debatable. There are however several characteristics common to most extreme sports. While not the exclusive domain of youth, extreme sports tend to have a younger-than-average target demographic. Extreme sports are rarely sanctioned by schools. Extreme sports tend to be more solitary than traditional sports. In addition, new extreme athletes tend to work on their craft without the guidance of a coach (though some may hire a coach later).
     Activities categorized by media as extreme sports differ from traditional sports due to the higher number of inherently uncontrollable variables. Athletes in these activities compete not only against other athletes, but also against environmental obstacles and challenges. These environmental variables are frequently weather and terrain related, including wind, snow, water and mountains. Because these natural phenomena cannot be controlled, they inevitably affect the outcome of the given activity or event.
     In a traditional sporting event, athletes compete against each other under controlled circumstances. While it is possible to create a controlled sporting event such as X Games, there are often variables that cannot be held constant for all athletes. Examples include snow conditions for snowboarders, rock and ice quality for climbers, and wave height and shape for surfers.
     2 常见极限运动名称的表达方式
     (1)Bungee jumping 蹦极
     Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane.
     (2)Base jumping 定点跳伞
     Base jumping, which is also sometimes written as B.A.S.E jumping, is an activity that employs an initially packed parachute to jump from fixed objects.
     (3)Scuba diving 水肺潜水
     Scuba diving ("Scuba" originally being an acronym for self contained underwater breathing apparatus, now widely considered a word in its own right) is a form of underwater diving in which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe underwater.
     (4)Windsurfing 风帆冲浪
     Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing. It consists of a board usually two to four metres long, powered by the orthogonal effect of the wind on a sail.
     (5)Mountain biking 山地自行车
     Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles offroad, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes.
     极限运动是由多项成型运动项目以及从游戏、生活和工作中演变来,参与人群以年轻人为主的高难度观赏性体育运动。人类在与自然的融合过程中,借助于现代高科技手段,最大限度地发挥自我身心潜能,向自身挑战的娱乐体育运动。它除了追求竞技体育超越自我生理极限"更高、更快、更强"的精神外,更强调参与、娱乐和勇敢精神,追求在跨越心理障碍时所获得的愉悦感和成就感。同时,它还体现了人类返璞归真、回归自然、保护环境的美好愿望,因此已被世界各国誉为"未来体育运动"。





     Adding a new dimension to the sport of diving, cliff diving is defined as the acrobatic perfection of diving into water from a high cliff.
     从高耸的悬崖上以杂技般的完美姿势一跃入水,悬崖跳水为跳水这项运动增添了一个全新的发展空间。
     Braving the rough rocks, divers take a plunge in the hard-hitting water beneath to experience a thrill to last for a lifetime.
     跳水者挑战粗糙的岩石,纵身跃入岩石下猛烈拍击的水中,以感受这令人一生难忘的刺激。
     This dangerous sport of cliff diving originated from the Hawaiian Island of Lanai in 1770.
     悬崖跳水这项危险的运动发源于1770年的夏威夷拉奈岛。
     Cliff diving is one of the riskier kinds of diving; hence, extreme caution is a must.
     悬崖跳水是最具风险的跳水运动之一,因此,必须极其谨慎。
     To the benefit of the divers, certain standards have been set to minimize the risk factor.
     为了跳水者的安全,人们设立了一些标准从而把危险因素降到最低。
     Some of these include determining the height of the jump (23-28 meters for men, 18-23 meters for women), an ideal entering speed of 75-100 km/h, and a free fall time of 3 seconds.
     其中包括规定跳水的高度(男性23-28米,女性18-23米),最佳入水速度为每小时75-100公里,自由落体时间为3秒钟。
     A little known sport, underwater hockey is what some divers like to do during the winter months when the outside water is too cold for diving.
     水下曲棍球是一项鲜为人知的运动。当冬季户外的水太冷而不适宜潜水时,不少潜水员便乐于去做这项运动。
     The sport of underwater hockey was invented in Great Britain during the 1950's when some British divers were looking for ways to stay fit during the winter.
     水下曲棍球这项运动20世纪50年代始于英国,当时英国潜水员正在寻求能够在冬天保持健康的方法。
     AirKicking:In this strange extreme sport, a human catapult launches individuals over 26 feet (8 meters) in the air into a swimming pool or foam pit.
     空气弹射:在这项奇特的极限运动中,参与者被弹射器抛到超过26英尺(8米)高的空中,然后掉入泳池里或者泡沫坑中。
     AirKick works propelling participants through the air in a precalculated parabolic trajectory using a special combination of air pressure and water recoil technology.
     空气弹射巧妙地将空气压力和水流反冲技术结合起来,把参与者按照预先计算好的抛物线轨迹抛到空中。
     A balance sport, Slacklining utilizes nylon webbing stretched tight between two anchor points.
     走软绳是一项平衡运动,使用的是绷紧后固定于两个定位点之间的尼龙织带。
     It is distinct from tightrope walking in that the line is not held rigidly taut-it is instead dynamic, stretching and bouncing like a large rubber band.
     走软绳和走钢索不一样,因为其使用的织带并不能完全拉紧--而是像一条巨大的橡皮筋一样可以变化、伸缩,富有弹性。
     Effectively throwing yourself down a slope in a giant ball, or"Zorbing", is one of the latest extreme sport craze to sweep the world.
     把自己放进一个巨大的球,或"左宾球"里,然后从斜坡上用力滚下来,这就是最近迅速席卷全球的极限运动热潮之一。
     Two extreme sports enthusiasts Will Gadd and Christian Pondella have conquered the 650 feet (200 meter) high frozen waterfall in Eidfjord, Norway, thus becoming the first to climb this ice climbing mecca.
     两名极限运动爱好者威尔·加德和克里斯蒂安·潘德拉日前爬上了位于高达650英尺(200米)的挪威埃德菲尤尔冰冻瀑布,从而使人类首次踏足这一冰瀑之颠。
     Volcano Boarding:Racing down an active 2,380ft volcano at speeds of 50 m/ph (80 km/h) with only a board for protection is considered by many thrill-seeking sports fanatics as the coolest sport around.
     火山滑板:从高达2380英尺的活火山上,以每小时50英里(80公里)的速度疾驰而下,仅靠一块滑板保护,这被众多寻求刺激的运动狂人视为世界上最酷的一项运动。
     Surfers, dressed in protective jump suits, kneepads and helmets, can reach speeds of up to 50m/ph on their specially-constructed plywood boards.
     参加火山滑板运动的人身穿具有保护作用的连身衣,佩戴护膝和头盔,在其特制的胶合板上能以每小时50英里的速度滑行。
     Since its creation, in 2005, the volcano boarding has attracted more than 10,000 participants.
     火山滑板运动自2005年被创造以来,吸引了一万多名参与者。
     For what may appear to be near-impossible, limbo-skating-roller skating under cars-is the latest rage in India, requiring the flexibility, strength and balance of a gymnast.
     "林波"溜冰--脚穿四轮溜冰鞋在汽车底下滑冰--这件看上去近乎不可能的事情,在印度却是一种最新潮流,它要求参与者具备体操运动员般的柔韧性、力量和平衡能力。
     Wonder-kid Aniket Chindak holds the unofficial world record for"limbo-skating" beneath 57 cars.
     神童阿尼克特·金达克至今保持着滑过57辆车底的"林波"溜冰非官方世界纪录。





     Tom: Are extreme sports popular in your country?
     汤姆:在你的国家极限运动流行吗?
     Cathy: They're not very popular. Only a relatively small number of people do them. Many people enjoy watching them on TV. There's a very popular TV programme on each week, which looks at extreme sports and the people who participate in them.
     凯西:不是很流行。只有一小部分人做极限运动,很多人只是喜欢在电视上看。每周有个非常有名的节目播放一些极限运动和那些参加这些运动的人。
     Tom: Which sports are usually featured on the programme?
     汤姆:这个节目一般放什么啊?
     Cathy: Bungee jumping, windsurfing, and cliff diving are the most common, but there are other kinds of sports, such as motor racing and skateboarding.
     凯西:蹦极,风帆冲浪和悬崖冲浪是最流行的,但是也有其他的运动项目,像山地自行车,摩托车赛和滑板。
     Tom: I think that the people who do the skateboarding are very skilled. It must take a lot of practice to stay on the skateboard whilst doing so many jumps and turns.
     汤姆:我觉得那些滑滑板的人非常娴熟。他们肯定花了很多时间在滑板上,在滑板上跳跃转弯很多次。
     Cathy: The kids who do it are so young. Well, it's better for them than sitting at home watching the TV all day!
     凯西:滑滑板的人都非常年轻,都是孩子。这个可比他们在家里看一整天电视要强很多。
     Tom: Would you like to try any extreme sports?
     汤姆:你愿意尝试极限运动吗?
     Cathy: I'm going bungee jumping on Saturday. I'm very nervous about it, but my friends convinced me to give it a try.
     凯西:我星期六要去蹦极呢。我觉得很紧张,但是我的朋友们都劝我去试试。
     Tom: I'm sure you'll be safe. The organizers have lots of safety procedures. Can I come and watch?
     汤姆:我相信你会很安全的。那些极限运动的组织者有很多的安全程序的。我能和你一起去看看吗?
     Cathy: I guess so. You might even be tempted to do a bungee jump.
     凯西:我想可以。你可能到时候都会忍不住试试的。
     Tom: I might. It's something I've often thought about doing.
     汤姆:也有可能。我有时候还会想到做些极限运动的。
     Cathy: We can then try together. The more friends there are, the funnier it will be.
     凯西:到时候我们可以一起。朋友多的时候才好玩。
    

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