【医院口语会话】输血

　　老师：人类有重要临床意义的4种主要血型是A，B，AB和O型。

　　学生：医院里有血液供给病人吗?

　　老师：每个医院都有大量血液以供输注。

　　学生：存在哪里呢?

　　老师：血液存在医院的血库内。

　　学生：血液是从哪里来的?

　　老师：血献血员供给。

　　学生：对献血员有什么要求吗?

　　老师：要求其年龄在18-65岁之间，身体一身健康，可以通过必需的体格检查。

　　学生：为什么要给献血员做体格检查。

　　老师：在输血前，要给献血员做检查，以便确定其血型和没有任何疾病。这些完成之后，才可以在献血员身上抽血。

　　学生：一个人有什么病不能献血?

　　老师：疟疾、贫血、传染性肝炎、结核……等。

　　学生：输血前什么准备工作?

　　老师：我们先给病人验血型，然后，病人的血和献血员的血做交叉凝集试验，凡是无凝集的才能使用。

　　学生：输血需要什么设备?

　　老师：输血设备有：

　　①输血管带有两上囊，上囊为过滤器，下囊为点滴速率器。

　　②18-20号针头。

　　③消毒棉签。

　　④止血带。

　　⑤橡皮膏。

　　学生：病人在输血过程中我们应该注意什么?

　　老师：①病人用的所有器械都必须进行灭菌处理。

　　②认真核对血型。

　　③输血前先输少量的生理盐水。

　　④输血时我们要注意病人的反应。

　　学生：输血时每分钟滴速是多少?

　　老师：一般滴速每分钟40到60滴。

　　学生：病人在输血过程中为什么出现手足抽搐现象?

　　老师：输血的同时，输入了枸缘酸钠，而枸缘酸钠在体内与游离钙结合，因而血钙下降，故出现四肢抽搐。

　　学生：输血会有哪些反应?

　　老师：过敏反应、循环衰竭、空气栓塞、传染性疾性，如疟疾、传染性肝炎。

　　学生：什么反应较为严重?

　　老师：溶血反应。

　　学生：什么药物可以预防输血反应?

　　老师：苯海拉明、盐酸异丙嗪和氟美松。

　　student： How many types of blood are there in the numan being?

　　Teacher： The four major blood types of clinical importance in this genetic system are A， B， AB and O.

　　S： Are there any blood for the patient in the hospital?

　　T：Every hospital has a lot of blood for the transfusion.

　　S： Where is it preserved?

　　T： The blood is preserved in the blood bank of the hospital.

　　S： Where is the blood from?

　　T： It is given by the donor.

　　S： What is the requirement to the donor?

　　T： A person 18 to 65 years old with a negative medical history， capable of passing the required physical examination.

　　S： Why is the donor given physical examination?

　　T： Before giving blood， the donor is given tests to determine his blood group and make sure he is not suffering from certain disease . When this has been done his blood can be taken.

　　S： A person with what disease can not be taken the blood?

　　T： Malaria， anemia， infectious hepatitis， tuberculosis and so on.

　　S： What is the preparation before blood transfusion?

　　T： First， we get blood group of patient. And then the patient's and donor's blood make crossmatching. If it is negative it can be used.

　　S： What are the equipments for transfusion?

　　T： The equipments for transfusion are：

　　①Tubing with attached two chambers; an upper filter chamber and a lower drip-rate chamber.

　　②Needle 18 to 20 gauge.

　　③Antiseptic pledget.

　　④tourniquet.

　　⑤adhesive plaster.

　　S： What attention should we pay to blood transfusion for the patient?

　　T： ①All the instruments that come into contact with the patient must be sterilised.

　　②Check up blood group earnestly.

　　③Transfuse a little normal saline before blood transfusion.

　　④During the blood transfusion， we should pay attention to reaction of patient.

　　S： How many drips a minute in the blood transfusion.

　　T： The usual rate of infusion is from 40 to 60 dropsper minute.

　　S： Why do the arms and legs twitch during the blood transfusion?

　　T： Some citrate have been transfused into the body during the blood transfusion. The sodium citrate combines with free calcim into the body. So blood calcim descend and the twitch of arms and legs appear.

　　S： What are the reactions in the blood transfusion?

　　T： Allergic reactions， circulatory overload， airembolism， infectious diseases， such as malaria and infective hepatitis.

　　S： What reaction is severe during the blood transfusion?

　　T： Hemoly sis reaction.

　　S： What medicine may be used to prevent the reaction of blood transfusion?

　　T： Benadzy1， Promethazine and Dexamethasoul.