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What is Analytical Science? 什么是分析科学?

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2018年10月12日

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What is Analytical Science?

什么是分析科学?

The above description of analytical chemistry provides an overview of the discipline of analytical chemistry. There have been various attempts to more specifically define the discipline. The late Charles N. Reilley said: "Analytical chemistry is what analytical chemists do" The discipline has expanded beyond the bounds of just chemistry, and many have advocated using the name analytical science to describe the field. This term is used in a National Science Foundation report from workshops on “Curricular Developments in the Analytical Sciences.” Even this term falls short of recognition of the role of instrumentation development and application. One suggestion is that we use the term analytical science and technology.

通过以上描述可以对分析化学这门学科有大致的了解,为更加明确地定义这门学科,人们也有过多种尝试。已故的CharlesN.Reilley曾说过:“分析化学家从事的工作就是分析化学”。这门学科的发展已跨越了纯化学的界限,许多人已提倡使用“分析科学”来描述该领域。在名为“分析科学的课程发展”的工作组所做的国家科学基金报告中已使用这一名词。但是该名词忽视了仪器发展和应用的作用,有人建议使用“分析科学和技术”这一名词。

The Federation of European Chemical Societies held a contest to define analytical chemistry, and the following suggestion by K. Cammann was selected.

Analytical Chemistry provides the methods and tools needed for insight into our material world … for answering four basic questions about a material sample:

● What?

● Where?

● How much?

● What arrangement, structure or form?

欧洲化学会联盟曾举行了一次会议来定义分析化学,K.Cammann所提出的如下建议被采纳:

分析化学提供了洞察物质世界所需要的方法和工具,它回答了关于某一物质样品的四个基本问题:

•是什么?

•在哪里?

•有多少?

•是何种排列、结构或形态?

The Division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society provides a comprehensive definition of analytical chemistry, which may be found on their website. It is reproduced in most part here:

Analytical Chemistry seeks ever improved means of measuring the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials. The techniques of this science are used to identify the substances which may be present in a material and to determine the exact amounts of the identified substance.

美国化学会的“分析化学分类”为分析化学提供了一个全面的定义,可以在其网站査到,此处摘录部分内容:

分析化学探索不断改进的方法,用以检测天然和人造材料的化学组成。此种科学的技术手段用来鉴别可能存在于一种材料中的物质以及测定给定物质的准确含量。

Analytical chemists work to improve the reliability of existing techniques to meet the demands for better chemical measurements which arise constantly in our society. They adopt proven methodologies to new kinds of materials or to answer new questions about their composition and their reactivity mechanisms. They carry out research to discover completely new principles of measurement and are at the forefront of the utilization of major discoveries, such as lasers and microchip devices for practical purposes. Their efforts serve the needs of many fields:

分析化学家致力于提高已有技术的可靠性以更好地满足社会中频繁出现的化学检测的需求。他们将已证实的方法学应用于新型材料,或回答关于其组成及反应机制的新问题。他们开展研究,探索全新的检测原理,站在了将激光和微芯片等重大发现应用于实际用途的最前沿。他们的努力满足了许多领域的需求:

- In medicine, analytical chemistry is the basis for clinical laboratory tests which help physicians diagnose disease and chart progress in recovery.

- In industry, analytical chemistry provides the means of testing raw materials and for assuring the quality of finished products whose chemical composition is critical. Many household products, fuels, paints, pharmaceuticals, etc. are analyzed by the procedures developed by analytical chemists before being sold to the consumer.

- Environmental quality is often evaluated by testing for suspected contaminants using the techniques of analytical chemistry.

- The nutritional value of food is determined by chemical analysis for major components such as protein and carbohydrates and trace components such as vitamins and minerals. Indeed, even the calories in a food are often calculated from its chemical analysis.

Analytical chemists also make important contributions to fields as diverse as forensics, archaeology, and space science.

•医药领域中,分析化学是临床实验室检测的基础,此类检测可以帮助医生诊断疾病,绘制康复过程图。

•工业领域中,分析化学提供原料的检测手段,保证对化学成分要求严格的最终产品的质量。许多家庭用品、燃料、涂料、药品等在出售给消费者前就已经被由分析化学家建立的方法分析检测。

•环境质量经常通过采用分析化学技术检测疑似污染物的方法得到评价。

食品的营养价值是通过对其中蛋白质、碳水化合物等主要成分以及维生素、矿物质等微量成分的化学分析而得以确定。实际上,甚至食物的热量也经常通过化学分析的方法来计箅的。

分析化学在法医学、考古学和太空科学等多个领域也作出了重要贡献。

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