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2013年职称英语考试《综合类B级》考试真题及答案

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第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线,请为每处下划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。

1、Come out, or I'll bust the door down.

A.shut

B.set

C.break

D.beat

2、The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.

A.naked

B.cautious

C.blind

D.private

3、The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A.general

B.complex

C.direct

D.inflexible

4、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.

A.right

B.unbelievable

C.obvious

D.unclear

5、These animals migrate south annually in search of food.

A.explore

B.travel

C.inlaid

D.prefer

6、Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A.spread

B.send

C.hear

D.confirm

7、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.

A.passed by

B.took a notice of

C.woke up

D.found by chance

8、I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.

A.at

B.with

C.about

D.from

9、As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.

A.influence

B.express

C.divide

D.voice

10、He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.

A.taught

B.attracted

C.kept

D.changed

11、He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.

A.understand

B.withhold

C.exchange

D.contact

12、Make sure the table is securely anchored.

A.repaired

B.cleared

C.booked

D.fixed

13、She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A.worried

B.sleepy

C.offensive

D.anxious

14、There was something peculiar in the way the smiles.

A.strange

B.different

C.wrong

D.funny

15、The contract between the two companies will expire soon.

A.shorten

B.start

C.resume

D.end

第2部分:阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分) 。

下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

16、根据材料,完成16-23题。

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it. and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want tochange or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17、We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18、Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19、Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20、The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21、The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22、If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 一个最佳选项。

23、根据材料,完成23-31题。

Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight

1. Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters(通勤人员) spend an average of a full working, week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.

2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times, of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can als0 allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

Paragraph 1_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

24、Paragraph 2_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

25、Paragraph 3_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

26、Paragraph 4_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

27、Most American drivers think it convenient to______

A.reduce traffic jams

B.drive around

C.go by bus

D.spend more money

E.travel regularly

F.encou rage more private cars

28、If charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.

A.reduce traffic jams

B.drive around

C.go by bus

D.spend more money

E.travel regularly

F.encou rage more private cars

29、Building more roads is not an effective way to_______

A.reduce traffic jams

B.drive around

C.go by bus

D.spend more money

E.travel regularly

F.encou rage more private cars

30、The U. S. government has planned to_______ updating public-transport systems.

A.reduce traffic jams

B.drive around

C.go by bus

D.spend more money

E.travel regularly

F.encou rage more private cars

第4部分:阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)

下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定l个最佳选项。

31、根据材料,完成31-36题。

Operation Migration

If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating (迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane!

The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worded that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.

Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.

In 2001, some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.

Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.

Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon,this won't be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they won't need human help any more.

Whooping cranes migrate in winter to______

A.find warmth and food.

B.raise baby whooping cranes.

C.get human help.

D.lay eggs.

32、Whooping cranes are native to_____

A.Mexico.

B.South America.

C.North America.

D.The Persian Gulf.

33、Operation Migration aims to______

A.teach adult cranes how to fly.

B.lead young cranes on their first trip south.

C.breed cranes in special parks.

D.transport cranes to the North.

34、The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trips south is_____

A.120 miles.

B.1,200 miles.

C.1,931 miles.

D.2, 000 miles.

35、If Operation Migration is successful, whooping cranes will______

A.follow airplanes south every year.

B.live in Canada all year round.

C.learn to migrate on their own.

D.be unable to fly back.

36、根据材料,完成36-41题。

On the Trial of the Honey Badger

On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal's reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.

"The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new. " He says. "That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious ( 凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. "

The research confuaned many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal's fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers.Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights Over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.

As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals' curiosity - or a sudden aggression. The badgers' eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other that form working associations with the honey badger,as these seemed to badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.

Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert?

A.To find where honey badgers live.

B.To observe how honey badgers behave.

C.To catch some honey badgers for food.

D.To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.

37、What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?

A.They show interest in things they are not familiar with.

B.They are always looking for food.

C.They do not enjoy human company.

D.It is common for them to attack people.

38、What did the team find out about honey badgers?

A.There were some creatures they did not eat.

B.They were afraid of poisonous creatures.

C.They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.

D.Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.

39、Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?

A.They don't run very quickly.

B.They hunt over a very large area.

C.They defend their territory from other badgers.

D.They are more aggressive than females.

40、What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?

A.They became less aggressive towards other creatures.

B.They started eating more.

C.Other animals started working with them.

D.They lost interest in people.

41、根据材料,完成41-46题。

"Lucky" Lord Lucan —Alive or Dead?

On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat (贵族), vanished. The day before, his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery.

People suspected that "lucky", as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged (分居的 ) wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.

What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories : he may have killed himseff, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder, "lucky" borrowed a car and drove it. Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.

Another version of events says that "lucky" left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country.However, after a time, his rescuers became worded that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.

A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan Maclaughlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about "lucky"? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.

The British public are still interested in the murder case because______

A.the murder was a aristocrat.

B.the murder's DNA has been found.

C.the murder was a famous man.

D.the murder has not been caught.

42、It was suspected that Lucan killed the nanny because______

A.she was cruel to his children.

B.she attacked his car.

C.she stole his car.

D.she was mistaken for his wife.

43、Aspinall thought lucan killed himself______

A.by sinking his boat

B.in a car accident.

C.on the night 30 years after murder.

D.by jumping into the English Channel.

44、According to the version in Paragraph 4, Lucan______

A.has escaped but was killed later.

B.was involved in a murder in France.

C.was caught in another country.

D.met his partners on a ferry.

45、The word "assumed" in last paragraph means______

A.disclosed.

B.set up.

C.took on.

D.changed.

第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容讲其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章面貌。

46、根据材料,完成46-51题。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. (46)

Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.(47) Many crops withered (枯萎) and died, despite growers' attempts to save them,and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.

In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes,mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type. (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredible profitable for the industry.

(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world's sugar, has c~ordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.

Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane. (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust,a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believes they will eventually be able to gro.w a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.

请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。

A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

E.The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

47、请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。

A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

E.The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

48、请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。

A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

E.The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

49、请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。

A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

E.The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

50、请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。

A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

E.The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

第6部分:完形填空(第51~65 ,每题1分,共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

51、根据材料,完成{TSE}题。

Teaching and Learning

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be (51) with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or (52) an examination. The ideal student is (53) to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high (54) Sometimes homework is returned with brief written (55) but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (56) for learning the material assigned. When research is (57) , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum (58) It is the student's responsibility to fmd books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to (59) explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the (60) sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, (61) prefer that their students should not be too (62) on them. In the United States professors have many other (63) besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend (64) a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student

should either (65) a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

A.careful

B.happy

C.familiar

D.pleased

52、请在第__(52)__处填上正确答案。

A.need

B.take

C.develop

D.finish

53、请在第__(53)__处填上正确答案。

A.tested

B.recognized

C.considered

D.assessed

54、请在第__(54)__处填上正确答案。

A.levels

B.degrees

C.grades

D.hopes

55、请在第__(55)__处填上正确答案。

A.tasks

B.comments

C.declarations

D.questions

56、请在第__(56)__处填上正确答案。

A.anxious

B.concerned

C.eager

D.responsible

57、请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。

A.completed

B.designed

C.assigned

D.learned

58、请在第__(58)__处填上正确答案。

A.requirement

B.guidance

C.effort

D.evidence

59、请在第__(59)__处填上正确答案。

A.wonder

B.inquire

C.speculate

D.explain

60、请在第__(60)__处填上正确答案。

A.inner

B.personal

C.reference

D.natural

61、请在第__(61)__处填上正确答案。

A.but

B.even

C.thus

D.and

62、请在第__(62)__处填上正确答案。

A.keen

B.dependent

C.energetic

D.active

63、请在第__(63)__处填上正确答案。

A.opportunities

B.duties

C.preferences

D.points

64、请在第__(64)__处填上正确答案。

A.with

B.for

C.over

D.along

65、请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。

A.approach

B.trouble

C.select

D.catch

参考答案及详细解析:

词汇选项

1. C

系统解析:【题 干】快出来,否则我就破门而入了。

A.关闭 B.设置 C.打破D.打击

【解 析】考查动词词组。划线词bust down意为“毁坏”,与break down同义.故 选C。

【考点延伸】shut down意为“停工,关闭”,set down意为“放下,记下”.break down意为“毁坏”,beat down意为“打倒,杀价”。与down连用的动词 词组很常考,比如turn down(关小),put down(放下)。

2. B

系统解析:【题 干】警察得谨慎看管这一带城镇。

A.裸露的B.小心翼翼的 C.盲目的D.私人的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词意为“谨慎的,机警的”,与B同义。

【考点延伸】表示“谨慎”的词,除了wary和cautious之外,还有pmdent,discreet, careful。

3. D

系统解析:【题 干】这些规定太死板,不允许人为的错误。

A.一般的,普通的 B.复杂的 C.直接的D.顽固的,不知变通的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词rigid意为“严格的,死板的”,与D同义。

【考点延伸】flexible的意思是“灵活的”,in一是否定前缀。这种构词法在考试中非常常见,因此大家复习的时候要关注最核心的单词和常见的构词法。

4. B

系统解析:【题 干】真让人难以置信,她已经在那里待了一个星期了。

A,正确的B.不可置信 C.显然’D.不清楚

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词incredible意为“难以置信的,惊人的”,故选择8。

【考点延伸】本题仍然是in一(否定前缀)+credible的构词方式,正确选项也采取同样 的方式un一(否定前缀)+believable=不可置信的。常用的否定前缀有un-/

in-/dis-/mis-/non等。常见的否定后缀有.1ess。

5. B

系统解析:【题 干】这些动物每年向南迁徙以寻找食物。

A.探索 B.旅行 C.把……嵌入 C.更喜欢

【解 析】考查动词。划线词migrate为“迁徙”,即“移动”的意思,因此与B选项意思相近。

【考点延伸】同义替换的词汇题中,并非所有划线单词都能找到特别恰当的同义词,只能通过上下文语意来选择意思相近的单词。migrate与travel的含义略有差别,但基本意思都含有“移动”,因此本题最好的选项为B。

6. A

系统解析:【题 干】关于他经济问题的谣言开始传播。

A.传播 B.发送 C.听到 D.确认

【解 析】考查动词。表示“传播,扩散”的同义词有:spread,scatter,disperse。

7. D

系统解析:【题 干】我偶然发现睡在桥下的三个孩子。

A.经过,路过 B.注意 c.醒来 D.偶然发现

【解 析】考查动词词组。划线词come across意为“偶遇,无意中发现”。B选项没有“偶然”之意,是混淆选项。

【解 析】表示“偶遇,碰到”的单词和词组有:meet by chance,l'an int0,encounter等。

8. C

系统解析:【题 干】至于说她是否适合这个职位,我无可奉告。

A.在 B.和……一起 C.关于 D.从……

【解 析】考查介词。划线词as regards意为“至于,关于”。只有about意思相近。

【考点延伸】有关常见介词的基本含义和用法,在考试中不少见。复习要注意两点:第一,基本含义;第二,常见的介词搭配。

9. A

系统解析:【题 干】作为一位政客,他知道如何操纵公众舆论。

A.影响 B.表达 C.分开 D.说出

【解 析】考查动词。划线词manipulate意为“操纵,操作”,influence可以用来代替划线词。voice可以做名词,表示“嗓音”,也可以做动词,意思是“说出”。 【考点延伸】mani(u).表示“人工,做”,比如manufacture“制造”,manual“操作 手册”。再次提醒,本题不是同义词或者近义词的考点,而是基本含义相 同、同时能使句子通顺的单词替换。

10. B

系统解析:【题 干】他是被这个公司提供的高工资所透惑。

A.教授 B.吸引 C.保持,保留 D.改变

【解 析】考查动词。划线词tempt意为“诱惑,引起”,与B选项含义相同。

【考点延伸】表示“吸引,诱惑”的同义词有:attract,lure,induce等。

11. A

系统解析:【题 干】他停了一会儿,等她慢慢领会这一信息。

A.理解,领会 B.握住,坚持 C.交换 D.联系

【解 析】考查动词。划线词digest意为“理解,领会”,与understand同义。故选A。

【考点延伸】digest 2012年的词汇题中作为正确选项出现过,对应的划线词组为take in(吸收)。本题的考点仍然是理解句子上下文的含义,进行合理选择。

12. D

系统解析:【题 干】务必把桌子固定好。

A.修理 B.清除 C.预订 D.固定

【解 析】考查动词。划线词anchor意为“使固定”。故选D。

【考点延伸】很多考生对anchor不太熟悉,无法直接进行单词的对应。针对这种题型,

可以根据句子的语意走向来进行推测。句子中有securely(安全地),可以推理得知此处选择“固定”是最合理的。

13. C

系统解析:【题 干】当她喝醉的时候会变得爱寻衅惹事。

A.担忧的 B.困倦的 C.攻击性的 D.焦虑的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词aggressive意为“攻击性的”,与ofrensive同义。

【考点延伸】0ffensive与defensive是反义词。

14. A

系统解析:【题 干】他笑起来有点怪。

A.奇怪的 B.不同的 C.错误的 D.有趣的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词peculiar意为“奇怪的”,与strange同义。

【考点延伸】表示“奇怪的”词汇有:strange,peculiar,eccentric,weird。

15. D

系统解析:【题 干】两公司之间的合同很快就终止了。

A.减少 B.开始 C.重新开始 D.结束

【解 析】考查动词。划线词意为expire“终止,期满”,与end同义。

【考点延伸】expire的形近词为inspire(鼓舞,鼓励),要注意分辨。

阅读判断

16. C

系统解析:【题 干】男孩通常在他们非常年轻时形成坏习惯。

【解 析】本题的关键词为boys和bad habits,回到原文定位发现全文没有提及boys,故只能选择“未提及”。

17. B

系统解析:【题 干】如果别人告诉我们去做,我们才能改掉不良习惯。

【解 析】从第二段第二句可知改掉坏习惯有两个途径:有人阻止或者潜意识地观察其他人没有相同的坏习惯,我们就会逐渐摆脱坏习惯。因此题干内容有误,故选B。

【考点延伸】grow out of是个固定搭配,意思是“超过,超越”。

18. A

系统解析:【题 干】当我们有压力时,坏习惯可能会回来。

【解 析】从第三段第一句“…it is the old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed。stressed or overworked.”可知在面对压力的时候,有些我们以为已经改掉的坏习惯又会回来。因此题干内容正确,故选A。

【考点延伸】tend to的意思是“倾向于,将要”,rush的本意是“奔跑”,在这里引申含义为“匆忙做……”,rushed,stressed,overworked都是表达“压力”的意思,因此此处是一个同义替换的考题。

19. B

系统解析:【题 干】研究人员对志愿者在第一个测试中给出的答案感到惊讶。

【解 析】从第四段第三句“It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second.”可知研究人员对志愿者在第一个测验中得出的结果一点都不感到惊讶。因此题干内容有误,故选B。

【考点延伸】:It can'le as no surprise…that…是一个主语从句后置的结构,真正的主语是that从旬的内容,it是形式主语。这样的句式很多,比如:

It is important that we work hard.

It is believed that the president will come tomorrow.

20. C

系统解析:【题 干】志愿者们发现第二次测试更加困难。

【解 析】文章没有提及志愿者是否发现更难。因此答案为C未提及。

【考点延伸】find+名词+形容词的结构中,形容词为补语。

21. B

系统解析:【题 干】研究表明,对已经改掉的习惯很难做出反应。

【解 析】从第五段第二句“We may try to change our ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned.”可知我们尝试改变方式,但首先出现在我们脑海中的通常是我们最开始学的。由此可推理,要摆脱最先认知的内容是更困难的。因此题干内容有误,故选B。

【考点延伸】这是一个由细节进行推理的题目,需要根据原文回现与题干内容进行对应并进一步推理后才能做出选择。

22. A

系统解析:【题 干】如果我们形成坏习惯越早,就越难改掉。

【解 析】从最后一段“The study therefore suggests that over time.our bad habits also become automatic.1earned behavior.This is not good Ilews for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them.” 可知坏习惯慢慢就变成了自动的习得行为,一旦早期养成了什么坏习惯.在后期要改变或打破他们就很难。因此题干内容正确,故选A。

【考点延伸】learned behavior的意思是“通过学习得到的行为”,即“习得行为”,

learned的近义词为acquired。pick up意思是“捡起,养成”,常跟habit连用。

概括大意与完成句子

23. F

系统解析:【题 干】第一段的主要内容是_____

【解 析】第一段首句是主题句,交通堵塞问题影响全世界,包括发达国家以及发展中国家。因此是个全球问题。故F(全球问题)是正确答案。

24. A

系统解析:【题 干】第二段的主要内容是_____

【解 析】第二段首句是主题句,最有前途的减少城市交通的技术被称为拥挤定价。即车辆在一天的某个时段进入城里的某些区域是要付费的。故A(付费进入)是正确答案。

25. B

系统解析:【题 干】第三段的主要内容是 ______

【解 析】第三段首句是主题句,另一种缓解交通高峰期的方法是雇主实施弹性工作时间,它可以让员工在非高峰交通时间往返工作,以避开上下班的高峰时间。故B(改变上下班惯例)是正确答案。

26. D

系统解析:【题 干】第四段的主要内容是 _______

【解 析】第四段没有主题句,通过本段可知很多人认为缓解交通压力最好的办法是多修路,但作者认为这种办法并不能真正解决问题。故D(一个不能解决问题的方案)是正确答案。

27. B

系统解析:【题 干】很多美国司机认为_____很方便。

【解 析】根据第一段最后一句可知,很多人选择自驾车是为了舒适方便。故选B。

【考点延伸】词性之间的转换是考查的重要内容。原文中的convenience为名词,题干中转化成了形容词convenient。

28. C

系统解析:【题 干】如果收费足够高,一些司机或许_____ 讲入城镇特定的地区。

【解 析】根据第二段第二句可知,理论上,如果对进城车辆收费高的话,有些人就会取消出行或选用公共交通工具或火车。故选C。

【考点延伸】句式的改写是考查的重要内容。原文中是if引导的条件状语从句,对应到题干中为if引导的分词结构充当条件状语。经常用when/if/because/ unless 4-分词结构来充当状语从句的功能。比如:

If the toll is high enough,some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.等于 If charged high enough,some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.此时要注意,在这种情况下,主旬的主语要与分词结构中的逻辑主语一致。

29. A

系统解析:【题 干】修建更多的道路不是______的有效方式。

【解 析】根据第四段,很多人认为缓解交通压力最好的办法是多修路,但作者认为这种办法并不能真正解决问题。故选A。

30. D

系统解析:【题 干】美国政府计划_____来升级公共交通系统。

【解 析】根据第五段第二句可知,美国政府打算花70亿来更新公共交通体系。故选D。

【考点解析】此题是对原文中的某些信息进行概括的对应,比如$50 billion被概括成为a lot of money,5 people被概括为a few people等。这样的解题技巧对阅读理解题目的解答也是适用的。

阅读理解

31. A

系统解析:【题 干】美洲鹤冬天迁徙是为了______。

A.找到温暖和食物 B.抚养幼年的美洲鹤

C.得到人类的帮助 D.产卵

【解 析】细节题。根据命题顺序和migrate回到原文定位,根据第一段第二句 “These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter.”可知这些美洲鹤往南飞,在那里他们可以找到食物和温暖来过冬。故A是正确答案。

【考点延伸】migrate的近义词为move/walk/go t0…。

32. C

系统解析:【题 干】美洲鹤的原产地______。

A.墨西哥 B.南美洲 C.北美洲 D.波斯湾

【解 析】细节题。用关键词native回到原文定位,根据第二段第一句“The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America.”可知美洲鹤是最大的鸟,原产于北美。故C是正确答案。

【考点延伸】native在不同的语境中有不同的含义,native speaker意思是“生来就说本族语的人”,native t0…(当地的,原产的),要注意分辨。

33. B

系统解析:【题 干】“迁徙行动”的目的是______。

A.教成年鹤如何飞 B.带领小的美洲鹤首次南飞

C.在特殊的园地喂养美洲鹤 D.将鹤运送到北方

【解 析】细节题。根据第四段第二句“ms group decided to use very lighl[i airplanes,instead of birds,to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south.”可知这个小组决定用很轻的飞机,而不是鸟类,引导小的美洲鹤的第一次向南旅行。故B是正确答案。

34. B

系统解析:【题 干】小的美洲鹤到达南方的旅途距离是______。

A.120英里 B.1 200英里 C.1 931英里 D.2 000英里

【解 析】细节题。用数字回到原文定位,根据第五段首句“Today,planes still leadi birds across approximately l,200 miles(1,931 kilometers),from the Unitedj States—Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexic0.”可知因为这个距离是l 200米。故B是正确答案。

【考点延伸】用来定位的题干关键词包含数字、专有名词、大写字母(包括时间、地点等)、术语、限定词(定语或者状语等)、动宾结构或者名词短语。

35. C

系统解析:【题 干】如果“迁徙行动”成功,美洲鹤将______。

A.每年跟随飞机 B.整年都住在加拿大

C.学会独立迁徙 D.不能飞回来

【解 析】细节题。本题就用条件状语从句来定位;根据第五段的第三句“If a trip 1。successful,the birds Can travel on their own in the future.”可知如果这个成功的话,这些鸟儿以后就可以自己迁徙了。故C是正确答案。

【考点延伸】0n one’S own的意思是“独立,独自”。

36. B

系统解析:【题 干】为什么野生物学家去了喀拉哈里沙漠?

A.找到蜜獾居住地。 B.观察蜜獾行为举止。

C.捕捉蜜獾作为食物。 D.找到为什么蜜獾臭名远扬。

【解 析】细节题。根据地名可知答案在第一段。根据第一段第三句“Their main aim was to study the badgers’movements and behavior…”可知他们的主要目的是研究蜜獾的行为习性。故B是正确答案。

37. A

系统解析:【题 干】关于蜜獾,Kitso Khama说______。

A.他们对不熟悉的事物表现出兴趣

B.他们总是在寻找食物

C.他们不喜欢人的陪伴

D.他们攻击人类是司空见惯的

【解 析】细节题。根据第二段第一句“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals,especially when they see something new.”he says可知,蜜獾对于新事物有天然的好奇心。故A是正确答案。

38. C

系统解析:【题 干】关于蜜獾,这个小组发现_______。

A.他们不吃某些生物 B.他们害怕有毒的生物

C.他们从水果中获取水分 D.雌獾与雄獾不会混居

【解 析】细节题。此题可用与group相关的词来定位,比如researchers等。根据文中第三段第三句和第四句“The researchers were surprised,however,by the animal’S fondness for local melons,probably because of their high water content.Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey.”可知研究者之前认为蜜獾通过猎物获取所有的水分需求,而现在研究者惊奇地发现蜜獾很喜欢当地的瓜类,这可能是因为瓜类含有很多的水分。故C是正确答案。

【考点延伸】对于文章内容逻辑关系的地方要仔细分析,这些逻辑关系包括让步(转折)关系、因果关系、条件关系、目的关系、比较关系、事件关系、地点关系。

39. B

系统解析:【题 干】下面哪项是雄性蜜獾的典型特征?

A.他们跑得不快。

B.他们在一个宽阔地区捕猎。

C.他们保卫自己的领地不受其他蜜獾的侵袭。

D.他们比雌蜜獾更有攻击性。

【解 析】细节题。根据文中第四段第一句“FoliowiIlg some ofme male badgers w a challenge,since they can cover large distances in a short space of time.可知跟着雄性蜜獾具有挑战性,因为它们在很短的时间内就可以跑很的距离。故B是正确答案。

40. D

系统解析:【题 干】当蜜獾周围有人的时候会怎么样?

A. 他们对别的生物不太有攻击性。B.他们开始吃得更多。

C. 其他动物开始跟他们合作。D.他们对人类失去了兴趣。

【解 析】根据文中最后一段第一句“As the badgers because accustomed the presence of people,it gave the team to get up close to them without bein

the subject of the animals’curiosity—or a sudden aggression.'可知当蜜獾周围有人的时候,它们就对人不再好奇或突然进攻,人就可以直接接近它们。故D是正确答案。

【考点延伸】be accustomed t0意思是“习惯于”,与be used to doin9含义相同。

41. D

系统解析:【题 干】公众对这件谋杀案依旧很感兴趣,原因是______

A.谋杀犯是一个贵族

B.谋杀犯的DNA已经被找到了

C.谋杀犯是个名人

D.谋杀犯还未落网

【解 析】细节题。根据第一段第三句“T0“s day tlle British public are interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been。found.”可知直到现在,英国民众对这个谋杀案仍然很感兴趣,因为卢肯伯爵一直没有被找到。故D项是正确答案。

42. D

系统解析:【题 干】卢肯被怀疑是杀了保姆的凶手,原因是_____

A.她对孩子们很残忍 B.她袭击了他的车

C.她偷了他的车D.她被误当成他的妻子

【解 析】细节题。根据文中第二段第一、二句可知,卢肯一直想杀死不在一起生活的妻子,当卢肯踏进他的老房子时,在一片漆黑中误杀了保姆。根据上下文,一定是将保姆当成了他一直想杀死的妻子。故D是正确答案。

【考点延伸】by mistake“错误地,失误地”。

43. A

系统解析:【题 干】皮诺尔认为卢肯是怎样自杀的?

A.沉船。B.交通事故中。

C.谋杀案30年后的一个晚上。 D.跳进英吉利海峡。

【解 析】细节题。回到原文Aspinall和Lucan同时出现的地方,文中第三段的最后一句“Lucan’s friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.”可知卢肯的朋友皮诺尔在一次采访中表示他觉得卢肯伯爵在英吉利海峡中弄沉了自已坐的船,自杀了。故A是正确答案。

【考点延伸】commit suicide的意思是“自杀”,commit crime“犯罪”。commit的名词形式为commitment,意思是“承诺,委托,献身”。

44. A

系统解析:【题 干】根据文章第四段的说法,卢肯______。

A.逃过一劫,但后来难逃一死

B.与法国的一起谋杀案难逃干系

C.在另一个国家被抓住了

D.在一艘渡船上碰到了合作伙伴

【解 析】细节题。根据文中第四段可知某些人在那里发现了他,把他送往另一个国家使他安全。但是,过了一段时间,救他的人开始担心自己也会被卷入到谋杀案件中,所以他们杀了卢肯。故A是aY-确答案。

45. C

系统解析:【题 干】最后一段的“assumed”一词是什么意思?

A.发现。 B.建立。 C.呈现,承担。D.改变。

【解 析】词汇题。assumed一词出现在“He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa,India,where he assumed the identity of a Mr.Barry Haplin.”大意是:他

雾确信卢肯逃到了印度的果阿,在那里他使用了Barry Haplin这个人的身份,所以“assumed”是“利用,冒用”的意思,四个选项中take on的意思是“承担,呈现,采用”,与其意思最接近,带入后语意通顺,意为“使用了Mr.Barry Haplin的身份”。故C是正确答案。

补全短文

46. E

系统解析:空格前一句中讲到,甘蔗成了一种极具价值的商业作物,在全世界种植。根据因果关系和关键词“commercial plant”, “grown throughout the world”,E选项(现在世界上大部分糖都是产自这个特殊的商业作物)符合文义,故E为最佳选项。

47. F

系统解析:空格前提到对糖的需求增加,空格后提到植物枯萎并死掉。前后具有转折关系,所有选项中只有F含有转折词“however”,故F(然而不巧的是.这种植物开始变得柔弱起来,抗病性也越来越弱)是正确答案。

48. A

系统解析:空格前提到了科学家在20世纪60年代开始寻找方法让甘蔗这个植物更壮抗病能力更强,并进行不同植物基因混合的实验。空格后提到现在这种甘蔗植物还不准备用作商业用途。空格前后具有时间顺序,先是开始研究新的甘蔗品种,后是新的甘蔗品种还不打算商用,所以中间应该是新的甘蔗5品种已经研究出来了。故A(最后,一种经济作物被开发出来,不仅仅甜度上升了5%,同时更为强壮,抗病性更强)是正确答案。

49. D

系统解析:这个空格位于段首,应该是这个段落的总起句。空格后列举了例子来说明“Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which

Darts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production ofi sugar and its overall health.’’即科学家为了发现更多的基因结构。提到“基因结构”的选项只有D,故D(自20世纪60年代起,科学家就一直在研究甘蔗基因代码的奥秘)是正确答案。

50. B

系统解析:空格前提到研究者们仍然无法完全了解基因的模式。空格后提到这个基因尤其令人兴奋,句意具有明显转折的意味,空格后的“this gene”应j 该指代空格所在句子的某个基因,故8选项(Dr.Angelique D’Hont和她在法国Montpelier的团队鉴定出了其中的一种基因)前后内容相符,是正确答案。

完形填空

51. B

系统解析:【题 干】如果教师布置了一篇长篇阅读的任务,他们期望学生_____这篇读物里的信息。

A.仔细的 B.高兴的 C.熟悉的D.高兴的

【解 析】本题考查句意和固定搭配。be familiar with是固定搭配,意为“熟悉……”,符合上下文的意思,故C为正确答案。

【考点延伸】be familiar with“熟悉……”,be similar t0“与……相似”,要注意区分。

52.【答 案】B

52. B

系统解析: 【题 干】……即使他们不在课堂上讨论或是_____考试。

A.需要 B.参加 C.开发 D.完成

【解 析】本题考查句动词词组固定搭配。四个选项中只有take与examination搭配意为“考试”。故B为正确答案。

53. C

系统解析:【题 于】理想的学生被认为是那种为了学习而学习的学生,而不是_____那种只对_____感兴趣的学生。

A.测试 B.认为,认出 C.看做D.评估

【解 析】本题考查句意和固定用法。根据上下文,只有be considered t0“被认为,符合句意。故C为正确答案。

54. C

系统解析:【题 干】理想的学生被认为是那种为了学习而学习的学生,而不是那种只对______感兴趣的学生。

A.水平 B.程度 C.成绩,分数D.希望

【解 析】本题考查名词。空前面的句子提到了学生学习的动机,所以与此相对的应该是C选项的“分数”,而且空后面的内容多次提到“grade”一词。 故C是正确答案。

55. B

系统解析:【题 干】有时被发回来的作业上只有简短的_____,并无分数。

A.任务 B.评语 C.声明D.问题

【解 析】本题考查上下文句意。老师批改作业给的应该是B选项的cornment“评语”,故B是正确答案。

56. D

系统解析:【题 干】即使不给分数,学生也_____学习布置的材料。

A.焦急 B.关注 C.热切D.有责任

【解 析】本题考查固定搭配和上下文语意。be responsible for是固定搭配,表示 “对……负责任”。其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。因此D为正确选项。

【考点延伸】responsible的意思有“负责的,负责任的”,还有“承担责任的”。

57. C

系统解析:【题 干】当一项研究课题被______时,教授们期望学生积极地……

A.完成 B.设计 C.分配D.学习

【解 析】本题考查动词词义。只有assign一词填入此处符合句意,而且空的前一句出现了此词。因此C为正确选项。

58. B

系统解析:【题 干】教授们期望学生在尽可能少的_____下完成研究。

A.要求 B.指导 C.努力D.证据

【解 析】本题考查名词和上下文语意。根据上下文语意,后文讲到学生可以用图书馆、杂志等各种资料,由此推理可知老师肯定希望学生能够在尽可能少的指导下完成研究。故B为正确答案。

59. D

系统解析:【题 干】教授们没有时间去_____个大学的图书馆如何运行。

A.奇怪 B.咨询

C.思考,推测 D.解释

【解 析】本题考查句意。只有“解释”符合上下文语意,故为正确选项。

60. C

系统解析:【题 干】他们期望学生,尤其是研究生去消耗图书馆里的_____。

A.内部的 B.个人的 C.参考书D.自然的

【解 析】本题考查名词。研究生阅读图书馆中的资料就是叫“参考文献”,四个选项中只有C选项reference有“参考”的意思。所以C选项为正确答案。

61. A

系统解析:【题 干】教授们愿意帮助需要帮助的学生, 更希望学生不要太……

A.但是 B.甚至 C.因此 D.并且

【解 析】本题考查形容词义辨析和句意。从上下文语意判断前后具有转折的关系四个选项中只有but是转折意思的词。故A为正确选项。

62. B

系统解析: 【题 干】……但是更希望学生不要太过_____他们。

A.热情的 B.依赖的 C.有精力的 D.积极的

【解 析】本题考查动词固定搭配。be dependent on是固定搭配,表示依赖,依靠”。其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。故B为正确选项。

【考点延伸】depend on“依赖于……”,形容词为dependent。

63. B

系统解析: 【题 干】在美国,教授们除了教学,还有很多其他的_____,比如行政或研究工作。

A.机会 B.职责 C.偏爱 D.要点

【解 析】本题考查句意和名词。空后提到teachin9“教学”,空前是other,那么空就应该填入与teaching相关的词汇,四个选项中,只有duty符合句意。故B为正确选项。

64. A

系统解析:【题 干】因此一个教授能分给学生的课外时间是有限的。 (选项为介词,不做翻译)

【解 析】本题考查介词和固定搭配。spend with sb.是固定搭配,意为"时间花在……,度过”符合句意,故A为正确选项。

【考点延伸】spend for“花钱买”,spend over“花费超过”,spend along“花在”后接某物,spend on后面加名词,意思是“花时间在某事上”,spend in加动名词,意思是“花时间做某事”。

65. A

系统解析:【题 干】如果课堂作业有问题,那么该生或者在办公时间内______教授,或者会进行预约。

A.靠近 B.苦难,麻烦 C.选择 D.抓住

【解 析】本题考查动词和上下文语意。正因为教授时间有限,因此学生若想与之沟通,一定要等教授在学校的时候,或是提前约好。故本题选A。


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