高考英语词汇归类复习【1】
英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。
1.宾语不同，意义也不同
英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有：
go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)
mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)
(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well，now I regret_____ ___that."
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
(92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
(87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going
2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同
某些动词如forbid，advise，allow，permit，admit，consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时，宾补要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)
3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同
有些词如need，require，want，deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式)，可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义)，可与worth，worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85高考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组
只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide，expect，refuse，wish，hope，order，promise，pretend， offer，happen，seem，make up one’s mind，used，be about，be able，have等。如：(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组
只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind，risk，avoid，enjoy，escape，keep，suggest，appreciate， practise，delay，finish，feel like，look forward to，can’t help，keep(on)，miss，be usedto，excuse，be worth，imagine ，put off，give up等。如：
(92高考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling
(87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
6.系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：
表感观的系动词：look，sound，taste，smell，feel，seem，appear(这些词用形容词作表语)
表变化的系动词：become，get，turn，grow，make，come，go，fall，run表依旧的系动词：remain，keep，stay，continue，stand，rest，lie，hold
可带名词作表语的系动词：be，become，make，look，sound，fall，prove，remain，turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well
7.含"被动"意味的动词
有些动词，如sell，open， close，wash，teach，burn，measure，cut，lock，cost，read，write，tear，wear，pull， clean，add，cook，let(出租)等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连用时，要用主动形式表被动意义：
My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。
(88高考)That suit_________over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost
(97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No，mine____________there behind the door."A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
8.具有两种形式的易混动词
中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考测时极易弄混。如：
hang，hanged，hanged(绞死)hang，hung，hung(挂起)
light，lit，lit(点燃，作谓语)light，lighted，lighted(过去分词作形容词用时，意谓"燃烧着的"，作定语)
drink，drank，drunk/drunken(喝，饮;过去分词作形容词同时，意谓"醉的"，drunk多作表语，drunke n多作定语)
sink，sank，sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时，作定语)
bear，bore，born(出生)bear，bore，borne(结果;生育)The woman，who was born in 1940，has borne five children.
lie(撒谎)， lied， lied， lying lie(躺，卧，位于)，lay， lain， lying
(89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
