托福听力细节题的定义

　　首先我们来了解一下托福听力细节题正确答案的特点，一般来说包括以下四点：

　　synonym同义词替换

　　paraphrase句子改写

　　consistent和主旨内容保持一致

　　objective科学客观

　　而相对应的干扰项特点一般是：exactly the same 有若干词和原文一样，但整体句意不同、inconsistent 和主旨内容差别太大、incongruous 信息不同步、subjective主观极端。

　　把握住正确选项和干扰项的大致特征对我们正确解题会大有裨益。接下来我们需要了解一下托福听力官方对细节的限定：

　　-important – directly or indirectly related to the main ideas-providing elaboration, examples and support-sometimes related to a long digression

　　我们通过官方这个定义可以发现，托福听力材料中细节的作用是展开和支持，它的意义是依附于上下文语境存在的，或是对概念的解释和说明，或是具体事例的补充，如：effects：产生了影响-- 具体影响的方面definition：给了个定义 -- 具体的例子和特征consequence：导致的结果 -- 具体的结果problem：存在的问题 -- 具体的问题

　　一般而言，托福听力细节题的处理有三大步骤：抓住主旨;确定细节出现的位置;理解细节前后的信息。听的过程中，我们思考和记录的不是具体数字是多少，地点在哪里，或者人名的拼写，而是思考教授举例想要说明什么，例子前后的分析都是什么。

　　下面我们来看几道例题。

　　1. For what activity does the student consider requesting funding?

　　A. designing a club web site

　　B. reserving audio-visual equipment

　　C. Sponsoring a guest speaker

　　D. setting up a campus e-mail account

　　原文回顾：

　　Employee：And you could be eligible for funding for club event.

　　Students：Well, we are definitely interested in hiring a professional speaker at one of our campus events at some point in the semester. And speakers almost always charge a fee.

　　因此这道题的答案是C。

　　2.L1 Q3 in the dolphin study，how did the researcher make the dolphin's task increasingly difficult?

　　A.by showing the dolphin two patterns that were similar in density

　　B.by playing two sounds that became progressively closer in pitch

　　C.by producing sounds that were just within the dolphins' range of hearing

　　D.by introducing a third paddle that ended on trial an began a new one

　　原文回顾：

　　…The task varied in difficulty according to the pitch of the second tone. The closer it came in pitch to the first one, the harder it became for the dolphin to correctly identify it as low.…

　　因此，这道题的答案是B。

　　3.L1Q4 According to the professor， what objections did some researchers raise with regard to the dolphin study?

　　A. the study did not distinguish between learned and higher-level responses

　　B. the dolphin was not rewarded consistently for pressing the third paddle

　　C. Only one dolphin was used in the experiment

　　D. The results could not be replicated in a later study

　　原文回顾：The researcher took that as an indication that the animal wanted to pass because it didn't know the answer and knew it didn't know. But there was a problem. Other researchers protested that the... the opt-out response was simply a learned or conditioned response.

　　因此，这道题的答案是A。

　　托福听力细节题的备考重在练习与反思，大家要注意结合我们分享的解题步骤、正确选项与干扰项的特征进行充分练习，最大化利用托福听力真题资源实现托福听力能力与分数的同步提升。