长难句训练与答案解析(4)
13. Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremelyinfluential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.
14. According to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting wasincreased, but also it was dimmed.
15. An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers'behavior by itself.
16. Contrary to the description on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels ofproductivity were related to changes in lighting.
考研英语长难句解析：
第13题：
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect"。the extremely influential idea...补充说明 Hawthorne effect，是其同位语，其中 idea 之后是that 引导的同位语从句。同位语从句中，主句为 the very act，of being experimented upon 是其后置定语，谓语为 changes，宾语是 subjects' behavior。
【译文】然而，这些研究最终以被冠之为"霍桑效应"的概念而告终，这个极具影响力的概念认为，仅仅是接受实验这一行为就足以使受试者的表现发生改变。
【点拨】1)subject 作名词时，是"主题、学科、对象、主语"的意思，结合语境，本句中意为"接受实验对象，受试者"。作动词时，意为"使服从;使遭受"，常与 to 搭配。作形容词时，意为"受...支配的;易遭...的"。
2)end up doing sth."结果是...，最终..."。
第14题：
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 their hourly output rose。 连接两个由 when 引导的并列时间状语从句，后一时间状语从句中 it 指代的是 lighting。 此处注意 not only...but also...结构在实际运用中可以省略 not only 或 but also。 According to作状语。
【译文】实验报告表明，当照明灯变亮时，女工们每小时的产出会增加，而当照明灯变暗时，她们每小时的产出仍会增加。
【点拨】account 作名词时，常用意为"理由，解释"或 "账目、账单"，本句中的意思是"报告、描述"。作动词时，常与 for 搭配，意为"说明...的原因;(在数量、比例方面)占"。
第15题：
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。 that 引导同位语从句补充说明awareness， 其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do "足以..."。
【译文】只要意识到她们在接受实验，这一意识本身似乎就足以改变工人们的行为。
第16题：
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 no systematic evidence was found...。 Contrary to 作句子状语，that引导的从句作 evidence 的同位语，为避免句子头重脚轻，此同位语从句与先行词被谓语分离。
【译文】与有记载的描述相反，没有找到系统的证据来说明劳动生产率的水平与光照的变化有关。
