这些词20年前就有了，你都认识吗？

我们每天都在向大家介绍英语中产生的新词和新的表达，不知道你们都积累多少了?有时候，我们发现的一些新词可能在英语里已经出现好多年了，但是一直没有被大规模使用，所以也就没有引起我们的注意。

今天要给大家介绍的这些词，它们出现的最早记录都在1995年3月，也就是整整20年前。你都见过吗?知道是什么意思吗?

>>Barfmail 退回邮件

n. An email message spewed out in all directions.

无法发送出去的邮件

最早出现时间：1995年3月6日，The Washington Times

引文：

Barfmail: multiple bounce (nondelivered) messages to the level of serious annoyance, like what happens when an inter-mail gateway goes wonky.

—Larry R. Moffitt, “The Hacker's Dictionary,” The Washington Times, March 6, 1995

>>Celebrity wrangler 名人联络

n. A person who negotiates with a celebrity's agent, manager, or publicist to ensure the star's attendance at a social event.

与名人的经纪人、经理人或者公关人员商讨联络，确保名人能够出席某个社会活动的人员

最早出现时间：1995年3月24日，The Dallas Morning News

引文：

Celebrities attending the All Star MS Rodeo will be well fed Sunday night, thanks to Al Biernat, manager of the Palm restaurant, and celebrity wranglers Marty Rendleman and Jean Kibler.

—Alan Peppard, “Could be an instant replay,” The Dallas Morning News, March 24, 1995

>>Coolhunter 时尚猎酷

n. A person who investigates cutting-edge trends, fashions, and ideas and sells them as market research to companies so they can incorporate them into their latest products.

研究最前沿的潮流、时尚和理念，并将成果出售给公司企业，让其将这些成果应用到最新产品中的人

最早出现时间：1995年3月17日，The New Yorker

引文：

The paradox, of course, is that the better coolhunters become at bringing the mainstream close to the cutting edge, the more elusive the cutting edge becomes. This is the first rule of the cool: The quicker the chase, the quicker the flight. The act of discovering what's cool is what causes cool to move on, which explains the triumphant circularity of coolhunting: because we have coolhunters like DeeDee and Baysie, cool changes more quickly, and because cool changes more quickly, we need coolhunters like DeeDee and Baysie.

—Malcolm Gladwell, “The Coolhunt,” The New Yorker, March 17, 1995

>>De-alert 解除警报

v. To separate a nuclear weapon's warhead from its delivery system.

将核弹头与其发射架相脱离

最早出现时间：1995年3月29日，Federal News Service

引文：

Another developing international norm is the cessation of nuclear weapons testing. Since the NPT was signed, only one new country — India — has carried out an underground test. The steep reductions, de-alerting and detargeting of nuclear forces also convey important symbolic messages.

—Michael Krepon, “Prepared Testimony of Michael Krepon Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Ratification,” Federal News Service, March 29, 1995

>>Dead tree edition 纸质版

n. The paper version of an online newspaper, magazine or journal.

在线报纸、杂志和期刊的纸质版

最早出现时间：1995年3月23日，The Wall Street Journal

引文：

The Los Angeles Times is on Prodigy under the name TimesLink and, like its parent, is filled with lengthy stories on every imaginable topic. But this strong content is trapped inside one of the ugliest and most confusing user interfaces I've seen on an electronic paper. The opening screen sports 20 buttons, a clunky and juvenile Prodigy-style illustration and a garish ad. That said, there's a lot here, including much material that goes beyond what's in the dead-tree edition.

—Walter S. Mossberg, “Newspapers Go Online to Save the Industry,” The Wall Street Journal, March 23, 1995

>>Eco-driving 环保驾驶

pp. Driving in a way that minimizes fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

将油耗和尾气排放降到最低水平的驾驶方式

最早出现时间：1995年3月31日，Sydney Morning Heral

引文：

Now Mercedes Benz has started looking at the problem and has developed an eco-drivingprogram. So far 1,200 drivers have done the course and, in covering 117 million kilometres, Mercedes believes they have saved 1.25 million litres of fuel and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by around 35,000 tonnes.

—Alan Kennedy, “Drive to slow greenhouse blowout,” Sydney Morning Herald, March 31, 1995

>>Egosurfing 自我搜索

pp. Using a search engine to locate and read pages, posts, articles, and other online content that mentions your name.

在网络搜索并阅读带有自己名字的网页、帖子、文章等在线内容

最早出现时间：1995年3月1日，Wired

引文：

Egosurfing: Scanning the Net, databases, print media, or research papers looking for mentions of your own name.

—Gareth Branwyn, “Jargon Watch,” Wired, March 1, 1995

>>Elvis year 猫王年

n. The year in which a product, person, or phenomenon peaks in popularity.

某件产品、某个人，或者某个现象极度风靡的一年

最早出现时间：1995年3月4日， Billboard

引文：

But Lyons believes that's simply more evidence that the pent-up demand for Barney product was satisfied, and that sales will continue to be healthy. “Prior to ‘93, there was little Barney merchandise available,” Mack says. “We call 1993 ‘the Elvis year.”'

—Moira McCormick, “Theme park, TV, vid show Barney far from extinct,” Billboard, March 4, 1995

>>Ethnoburb 族裔郊区

n. A suburban area that draws a large number of immigrants from the same ethnic group.

聚集了大量同一种族移民人口的郊区

最早出现时间：1995年3月15日，Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers

引文：

Wei Li, “Los Angeles' Chinese Ethnoburb: Evolution of Ethnic Community and Economy,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, March 15, 1995

>>Fact-free science 虚拟科学

n. A scientific endeavour—such as a computer simulation of a biological process—that does not take into account real-world constraints such as chemical or biological data.

计算机模拟生物进化过程等不需要考虑诸如化学或生物数据等现实局限性的科学探索

最早出现时间：1995年3月2日，The New York Review of Books

引文：

I discuss below a particular example of a dynamic system—Turing's morphogenetic waves—which gives rise to just the kind of structure that, as a biologist, I want to see. But first I must explain why I have a general feeling of unease when contemplating complex systems dynamics. Its devotees are practicing fact-free science. A fact for them is, at best, the output of a computer simulation: it is rarely a fact about the world.

—John Maynard Smith, “Life at the Edge of Chaos?,” The New York Review of Books, March 2, 1995

>>Issue literature 主题文学

n. A literary genre where each work takes as its central theme a social, cultural, or political issue.

每部作品选择一个社会、文化或政治问题作为主题的文学作品形式

最早出现时间：1995年3月15日，The Irish Times

引文：

Strangely or not strangely at all,“ said Ms Carr, ”babes are usually feminists, if you mean by feminism the promotion of all that is good and liberating in our culture. Where the babes part company with their sisters, is when it comes to issue literature. Babes will not reduce their work to a series of issues and disapprove strongly with anyone who tries to reduce their work to a series of issues.

—Luke Clancy, “Writer prides herself on being ‘a babe',” The Irish Times, March 15, 1995

>>Paraeducator 特殊教育者

n. A teaching assistant, particularly one who works individually with children who have special language or learning needs.

帮助有特殊的语言或学习需求的孩子进行单独学习的助教人员

最早出现时间：1995年3月23日，The Press-Enterprise

引文：

The assistants want to be treated as professionals, in partnership with certified teachers. And please, don't call them aides. “We are teachers, OK? We are co-workers. I am not anybody's aide. I am your co-worker,” said Virginia Rivas, bilingual instructional aide for Palm Springs Unified School District, who was answered by a cheer from the audience. The preferred term is para-educator, conference organizers said.

—Rebecca Shoults, “Session gets teachers' aides fired up,” The Press-Enterprise, March 23, 1995

>>Weddingmoon 婚礼蜜月

n. A vacation that includes both a wedding ceremony and a honeymoon.

包括了婚礼和蜜月的假期

最早出现时间：1995年3月12日，The Houston Chronicle

引文：

Many Caribbean islands have reacted to the growing popularity of “weddingmoons” by agreeing to waive waiting period requirements so that, in some instances, tourists can marry the day they arrive.

—Harry Shattuck, “Not all couples wed to tradition,” The Houston Chronicle, March 12, 1995