CNN News :奥巴马凭借行政命令控制枪击暴力问题

[00:01.01]This is U.S vice president Joe Biden, his task force has come up with a list of recommendations on addressing gun violence in the U.S. 这是副总统乔·拜登,他的工作小组针对美国的枪支暴力问题已经提出了一份建议清单。 [00:08.53]He's given that list to president Obama, we should know sometime today what his next step will be. 他即将交给奥巴马总统,我们应该知道今天某个时候总统将会采取下一步措施。 [00:14.29]There are couple of different parts the president could take, one would be encouraging Congress to change laws like banning assault weapons or requiring background checks on buyers at gun shows. 总统所能接受的是几个不同部分,一条是鼓励国会修改比如禁止攻击性武器或要求在枪支展览对于买家的背景检查等法律。 [00:25.27]But not anyone in Congress would support that,and the National Rifle Association is working to prevent any new restrictions on gun. 但是在国会没有任何人将会支持,而全国步枪协会正在努力阻止任何关于枪支的限制。 [00:32.32]There are something else the president could do though, given executive order. 鉴于行政命令，总统也能做些事情。 [00:37.59]U.S president have been giving out executive orders since 1789. 美国总统自1789年以来已经颁布行政命令。 [00:40.34]Why? Because they can. 为什么?因为他们可以。 [00:43.46]And executive order is a law made instantly with the president's signature. 行政命令是总统签名后随即生效的法律。 [00:48.38]The advantage for a president is that it doen't have to through Congress, the disadvantage, say critics is that it doesn't have to go through Congress. 对总统而言其优点是不需要通过国会,而缺点,批评人士表示也是不需要经过国会。 [00:56.36]And some critics say use of the executive order may violate the Constitutional separation of powers. 而一些批评人士表示使用行政命令可能违反宪法分权。 [01:02.46]In fact, the term executive order isn't in the Constitution. 事实上,行政命令这一术语并不在宪法当中。 [01:06.15]What is in article two, section three is that the president shall take care of that the laws be faithfully executed. 第二条第三节中表述的是总统应当关心被忠实地执行的法律。 [01:13.17]So if a president feels that Congress isn't faithfully executing the laws he wants, he can issue an executive order. 所以如果一位总统认为国会并不是忠实执行他希望法律,他就可以发布行政命令。 [01:19.35]They do their limits though, executive orders can't use federal money for one thing. 虽然他们有自己的限制,但首先是行政命令不能使用联邦资金。 [01:24.08]President couldn't use one that cut taxes or build a bridge for example. 总统不能减税或建一座桥。 [01:28.33]The orders can't be overturned by a court, and the next president can get rid of a previous order. 命令不能推翻法院,而下一任总统可以摆脱以前的法令。 [01:34.18]Presidents aren't shy about giving new ones though. 总统并不羞于颁布新法令。 [01:37.01]According to the National Archives, two-term president Bill Clinton gave 364 executive orders. 根据美国国家档案馆称,连任两届的总统比尔·克林顿颁布了364条行政命令。 [01:43.34]Two-term president George W.Bush gave 291. 连任两届的总统乔治·布什颁布了291条。 [01:47.22]President Obama is on the same pace, having given 144 in his first term. 而奥巴马总统则处于相同的步伐,在他的第一个任期中已经颁布144条。 [01:52.59]President Roosevelt holds the record, he gave over 3700 executive orders, though he did have longer than everyone else in the White House. 而罗斯福总统保持了一项记录,尽管他在白宫的时间确实比其他人长，他已经颁布了超过3700条行政命令。 [02:00.48]Bottom line, love him or hate him, we all have to live under them at least for a while. 底线,是爱是恨,我们都不得不伴随这些法令生活至少一段时间。 [02:05.49]Why? Well, that's an order. 为什么?嗯,这是一条法令。 [02:09.06]I've said it for seven years, I've said it for longer than seven years, I have never doped. 我已经说了七年,我说的也已经超过七年,我从来没有服用禁药。 [02:14.09]I can say it again, but I've said it for seven years, it doesn't help. 我可以再说一遍,但我已经说了七年,没有任何帮助。 [02:16.56]Why would I then enter into a sport and dope myself up and risk my life again, that's crazy, I would never do that. 为什么我参加运动以来会服用禁药并再次冒着我的生命风险,这太疯狂了,我永远不会这样做。 [02:22.48]That's no, no way. 那不可能，没门。 [02:25.20]That was Lance Armstrong in 2005, he spend more than a decade saying things like that, denying that he cheated during his cycling career. 这是兰斯·阿姆斯特朗在2005年所发表的言论,他花了十多年说这些话,否认在他的自行车运动生涯中的欺骗。

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